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C Programming Lab

The document discusses the C programming language. It covers the origin of C, its features, uses, and structure. C was created in 1972 and is well-suited for system software and applications like operating systems, databases, spreadsheets, and more. A C program structure typically includes preprocessor directives, global declarations, a main() function containing local declarations, input/output statements, and ends with a semicolon. The document also discusses C keywords, variables, data types, and constants.

Uploaded by

Ganesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views

C Programming Lab

The document discusses the C programming language. It covers the origin of C, its features, uses, and structure. C was created in 1972 and is well-suited for system software and applications like operating systems, databases, spreadsheets, and more. A C program structure typically includes preprocessor directives, global declarations, a main() function containing local declarations, input/output statements, and ends with a semicolon. The document also discusses C keywords, variables, data types, and constants.

Uploaded by

Ganesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,

M.K.B.NAGAR
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
Session Objectives
 Discuss the Origin of C

 Features of C

 Characteristics of C

 Current Uses of C

 “C” Programming Structure

 Character Set

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
“C” is a Middle Level language

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
“C” is a Structure & Procedure Oriented Programming
language developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Laboratories
in USA in the Year 1972

(Basic Combined Programming Language)

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
Features of “C” Language

 Economy of Expressions
 Modern Control Flow and Structures
 Rich Set of Operators
 It is Well suited for writing both System
Software like Operating Systems,
Interpreters, Editors and Assembly
Programs

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
 UNIX Operating System was Developed by Using “C”

Language
 Developing database Systems

 Graphics Packages

 Spread Sheets

 Word Processors

 Office automation

 Scientific/Engineering Applications

 CAD/CAM Applications
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
Preprocessor Directives (Incl. headerFile)
Global Variable Declarations;
void main()
{
Local Variable Declarations;
Input/Output Statements;
}

Note :
Every “C” Statements should end with Semicolon(;)
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
The C Program Structure

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
 Preprocessor directives are the instructions given to the
compiler.

 They are not translated into machine language, but are


operated upon directly by the compiler before the
compiling process begins.

 Preprocessor directives begin with a # (hash)

 Preprocessor directives are often placed in the beginning


of a program before the main() is declared.

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
A lot of library functions are
subdivided into number of groups.
This groups are called Header files

Syntax : #include<headerfilename.h>
Examples: #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Stdio -> Standard Input/Output
Conio -> Console Input/Output
Void -> Keyword. It Means Returns Nothing.
main() -> It is a function name which can be used to
indicate the beginning of the program
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR execution
C has 32 keywords.
These keywords combined with a formal syntax form a C
programming language.

Rules to be followed for all programs written in C

All keywords are lowercased

C is case sensitive, do while is


different from DO WHILE
Keywords cannot be used as a
variable or function name

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
Programs

Instructions

Keywords

Constants,
variables &
Data Types

Alphabets,
Digits,Special
Characters
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
A Character denotes an alphabet, digit or a special
character. These characters can be combined to form variables.

Lowercase Letters – A,B,C….. Z


Uppercase Letters - a,b,c…… z

Digits – 0,1,2,3,…7,8,9

+ Plus Sign - Minus Sign , Comma

* Asterisk / Slash = Equal to


@ At Symbol < Less Than : Colon
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
; Semicolon
10 4600.5 “A”
‘A’
-356 -0.963 “CSC”
‘*’

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
Escape Sequence
Escape sequences are specified as the first argument in
Output Statement. They are always preceded with a

backslash

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
Variables are named locations in memory that are used to
hold a value that may be modified by the program.

The syntax for declaring a variable is

K5.ico ANIMATAY006.ICO
Data type Variablename;

Valid Examples :
CSC avg_val m1
Chennai Anu mark_1

Some erroneous identifier names are - 1stsst


oh!god
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
start….end
RULES for framing a variable :

The first character in the Variable name must be an alphabet


Alphabets can be followed by a number of digits or
underscores
No commas or Blank spaces are allowed within a variable
name
No Special character other than Underscore(_) can be used in
a variable name.
The variable name should not be a keyword
Variable names are case sensitive
It should not be of length more than 31 characters

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
Character structure
Integer Union
Float Pointer
Double enum

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
1.Type Definition
Example: Typedef int age;
age male,female

2.Enumerated Datatype
Example :
enum mon{jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,aug,sep,oct,nov,dec };

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
Session Summary

 All variables must be declared in the program before all executable statement

 Comments statements may or may not be present in a program

 Comment statement improves the readability of a program

 A program will always begin by executing the main() function

 Every C program must contain atleast one function which must be a main()

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
EXERCISES

1. Why it is required to include header files your C program?

2. What is #include statement? Indicate its use?

3. Why is the main() function is so special

4. Write a program to calculate Simple and Compound Interest?

5. State the use of comment symbol in a program?

6. Describe the types of constants? Give example?

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR

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