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C Programming Lab

The document discusses string handling functions in C programming. It defines strings as arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It explains functions like strcpy() to copy strings, strcat() to concatenate strings, strcmp() to compare strings, strlen() to find the length of a string, and others. It provides examples of using each function and the expected output.

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Ganesh Kumar
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views

C Programming Lab

The document discusses string handling functions in C programming. It defines strings as arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It explains functions like strcpy() to copy strings, strcat() to concatenate strings, strcmp() to compare strings, strlen() to find the length of a string, and others. It provides examples of using each function and the expected output.

Uploaded by

Ganesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,

M.K.B.NAGAR
Session Objectives
Define String
Explain String Handling Functions

Concatenation (joining) of two strings


Copy one string into another
Convert Lowercase string into Upper case string
And Uppercase into Lowercase
Find the length of the string
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
 It can be defined as a group characters which is terminated by a
NULL
 Each character of a string occupies one byte and last character of
a string is always the character ‘\0’
 \0  Null character and it stands for a character with a value
of zero

strcpy() strlwr()
strcat() strcmp() String.h

strlen() strcmpi()
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION, Strupr() strrev()
M.K.B.NAGAR
Strcpy() function :
It copies the contents of one string into another string.
Syntax : strcpy(string1,string2);

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[25],cpy[25];
printf("\n Enter a String");
gets(str);
strcpy(str,cpy);
printf("\n The source string is %s",str);
printf("\n The copied string is %s",cpy);
}

OUTPUT Enter a String : CSC


The Source string is : CSC
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
The Copied string is : CSC
Strcat() function :
it concatenates the source string at the end of the target
string
Syntax : strcat(string1,string2);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[25],str1[25];
printf("\n Enter a String");
gets(str);
printf("\n Enter another String");
gets(str1);
printf("\n The concatenated string is %s",strcat(str,str1));
}

OUTPUT Enter a String : CSC


Enter another String : COMPUTER
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
The Concatenated string is : CSC COMPUTER
Strcmp() function :
It compares two strings to find whether the strings are equal or not.
Syntax : strcmp(string1,string2);

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main() Return values
{ 0  Equal
char str[25],str1[25]; 1 
int x; string1>string2
printf("\n Enter a String"); -1  string1<string2
gets(str);
printf("\n Enter another String");
gets(str1);
x=strcmp(str,str1);
If(x==0)
printf(“\n Strings are equal”);
else if(x>0)
printf("\n The string1 %s is greater than string2 %s”,str,str1);
else
printf("\n The string2 %s is greater than string1 %s”,str1,str);
}
Enter a String : JAIKUMAR
OUTPUT
Enter another String : SASIKUMAR
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR The string2 SASIKUMAR is greater than string1 JAIKUMAR
Strcmpi() function :
It compares two strings without regard to case to find whether the strings
are equal or not. ( i  ignorecase)
Syntax : strcmpi(string1,string2);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[25],str1[25];
int x;
printf("\n Enter a String");
gets(str);
printf("\n Enter another String");
gets(str1);
X=strcmpi(str,str1);
if(x==0)
printf(“\n The two Strings are equal”);
else if(x>0)
printf("\n The string1 %s is greater than string2 %s”,str,str1);
else
printf("\n The string2 %s is greater than string1 %s”,str1,str);
}
Enter a String : JAIKUMAR
OUTPUT
Enter another String : jaikumar
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR The Two strings are equal
strrev() function :
used to reverse a string. It takes only one argument.

Syntax : strrev(string);

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[25];
printf("\n Enter a String");
gets(str);
printf("\n The Reversed string is %s",strrev(str));
}
OUTPUT Enter a String : SHIVA
The reversed string is : AVIHS
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
strupr() function :
used to convert a string to uppercase. It takes only one
argument.

Syntax : strupr(string);

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[25];
printf("\n Enter a String");
gets(str);
printf("\n The case changed string is %s",strupr(str));
}

OUTPUT Enter a String : csc


The case changed string is : CSC
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
strlwr() function :
used to convert a string to Lowercase. It takes only one
argument.

Syntax : strlwr(string);

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[25];
printf("\n Enter a String");
gets(str);
printf("\n The case changed string is %s",strlwr(str));
}

OUTPUT Enter a String : CSC


The case changed string is : csc
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
strlen() function :
used to count the number of characters present in a string. It
takes only one argument.

Syntax : int variablename=strlen(string);

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[25];
printf("\n Enter a String");
gets(str);
printf("\n The length of the string is %d",strlen(str));
}

OUTPUT Enter a String : CSC


The length of the string is : 3
CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,
M.K.B.NAGAR
Session Summary

 Strings can be read through scanf() and gets() functions

 Any copy of characters specified within double quotes is a string constant

 Strings can also be read a character by character using the functions scanf() and

getchar() etc.,

 The strcat() concatenates the second argument with the content of first argument

 strcmp() compares two strings to find whether the strings are equal or not.

 The strrev() reverses the string passed as arguments

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR
EXERCISES

1. Explain the process of initializing a string?

2. Explain with examples the different ways of reading strings from the user?

3. Write a program to extract the middle word of any string?

4. Write a program to print the abbreviation of text?

5. Write a program to find various combinations of the characters of a given word?

6. Write a program to check whether the given string is palindrome or not?

7. Write a program to replace a character in a strin?

CSC COMPUTER EDUCATION,


M.K.B.NAGAR

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