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Control Structures

The document discusses different types of control structures in programming including selection statements and iteration statements. Selection statements like if and switch statements allow a program to make decisions and control the flow based on conditions. If statements can be simple, with else, nested, or in an else-if ladder. Switch statements evaluate an expression and transfer control to the statement list of the matching case.

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Vivek Sharma
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
78 views

Control Structures

The document discusses different types of control structures in programming including selection statements and iteration statements. Selection statements like if and switch statements allow a program to make decisions and control the flow based on conditions. If statements can be simple, with else, nested, or in an else-if ladder. Switch statements evaluate an expression and transfer control to the statement list of the matching case.

Uploaded by

Vivek Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTROL STRUCTURES

CONTROL STRUCTURE

Control structure is divided into three parts:


 Selection statement

 Iteration statement
 Jumps in statement
SELECTION STATEMENT
 Selection statement is also called as Decision making
statements because it provides the decision making
capabilities to the statements.

 In selection statement, there are two types:


if statement
switch statement

 These two statements allows you to control the flow of a


program with their conditions.
1. DECISION MAKING WITH IF
STATEMENTS
 The “if statement” is also called as conditional
branch statement.
 It is used to control program execution through two
Entry
paths.
Test false
If (test expression) Condition ?

true
 It allows the computer to evaluate the expression
first and then depending on whether the value of the
expression is ‘true’ or ‘false’, it transfers the control
to particular statement.
IF STATEMENT
 The if-statement may be implemented in different
forms depending on the complexity of condition
to be tested.
1. Simple if Statement
2. If…else Statement
3. Nested if...else Statement
4. else if ladder
SIMPLE IF STATEMENT
 The general form of a simple if statement is…

• The ‘Statement-block’ may be


a single statement or a group of
statements.
if (test expression)
• If the test expression is true, {
the statement-block will be statement-
executed; block;
• Otherwise the statement-block }
will be skipped and the statement-x;
execution will jump to the
statement-x.
2. THE IF…ELSE STATEMENT
 The if…else statement is an extension of the simple if
statement.
• The ‘Statement-block’ may If (condition)
be a single statement or a {
true - Statement block;
group of statements. }
• If the test expression is true, else
{
the true-statement-block will false - Statement block;
be executed; }
• otherwise the false- Statement-a;
statement-block will be
executed and the execution
will jump to the statement-a.
3. NESTING OF IF…ELSE STATEMENT
 When the series of decisions are involved, we may have to
use more than one if…else statement in nested form.
If (condition1)
{
If (condition2)
{
Statement block1;
}
else
{
Statement block2;
}
}
else
{
Statement block3;
}
Statement 4;
IF-ELSE-IF LADDER
if(condition-1)
{//if condition-1 is true }
else if (condition-2)
{//if condition-2 is true }
else if (condition-3)
{//if condition-n is true }
.
.
else if (condition-n)
{//if condition-n is true }
else {
//if none of the conditions are true.}
Statements which will be executed always
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
 The switch statement provides another way to decide
which statement to execute next
 The switch statement evaluates an expression, then
attempts to match the result to one of several possible
cases
 Each case contains one value (a constant) and a list of
statements
 The flow of control transfers to statement associated with
the first case value that matches
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
 The general syntax of a switch statement is:

switch switch ( expression )


and {
case case value1 :
are statement-list1
reserved case value2 :
statement-list2 If expression
words matches value2,
case value3 :
statement-list3 control jumps
case ... to here

}
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
 Often a break statement is used as the last statement in
each case's statement list
 A break statement causes control to transfer to the end of
the switch statement
 If a break statement is not used, the flow of control will
continue into the next case
 Sometimes this may be appropriate, but often we want to
execute only the statements associated with one case
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
 An example of a switch statement:

switch (option)
{
case 'A':
aCount++;
break;
case 'B':
bCount++;
break;
case 'C':
cCount++;
break;
}
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
 A switch statement can have an optional default case

 The default case has no associated value and simply uses


the reserved word default
 If the default case is present, control will transfer to it if no
other case value matches
 If there is no default case, and no other value matches,
control falls through to the statement after the switch

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