Optical Communication

Guided Communication

Standards, Concepts, System Design,

Hardware Experiments, Software

Experiments and Simulation,

Networks and Recent Trends

 Optical Communications
3 D visualization Imaging
NEES
Virtual
reality

SGI image
SGI
processor
16 processor
Parallel computer Router
Router HDTV
OXC Camera

OLS router
OXC Environmenta
l Monitoring
OLS router
PC cluster

OXC
OLS router
 Worldwide Fiber Deployment
Deploying Fiber at Mach 3
Optical
Fiber

• Fiber is deployed at a rate of 2000 miles every hour

 Anchorage, AK Service Network
(Tier 1 Internet Service Provider)
Seattle Spokane

Portland

Portland

Minneapolis St. Paul

Chicago Syracuse
Albany
Cambridge
Rochester
Milwaukee
Grand Wayne Framingham
Providence
Glenvie Rolling Rapids Stamford Providence
Detroit Buffalo BridgeporWhite
Sacramento w Meadows
t Plains
Hartford
Plymouth Philadelphia
Altoona NYC Cedar
Salt Lake Cleveland
Knolls
City Pittsburgh
Omah Rochelle
a Silver
Pk
Las Vegas Springs Newark
San Francisco San Francisco Columbus
Hamilton
Kansas Baltimore
City Indianapolis Square New York
Denver
Arlington Wash.DC City
Cincinnati

Oakland San Jose Richmond

Colorado
St Louis Louisville
Redwood City Springs
Los Angeles Raleigh
Albuquerque Oklahom Nashville
Sherman Oaks
a Tulsa Charlotte
Honolulu San City
Los Angeles Bernardino
Garden
Little Rock
a Anaheim
Columbia

San Diego Phoenix

Gateway Node Dallas Atlanta

Ft. Worth

Backbone Node

R
Jacksonville
Remote GSR Access Router

Remote Access Router New Orleans Orlando

Austin Houston
Concentrator Node (C9000)
Tampa

N X DS3
Ojus

N X OC3 Fort Lauderdale

N X OC12 Miami

N X OC48
N X OC192
Lightwave Evolution
1975: Coax, 274 Mb/s at 1km repeater spacing
1980: 0.8 um GaAs lasers, MMF, 45 Mb/s @ 10km
1987: 1.3 um InGaAsP lasers, SMF, 1.7 Gb/s @
50km
1990s: 1.55 um InGaAsP DFB lasers, SMF, 2.5-10
Gb/s @ 40km
1990s: WDM, 1.55 um InGaAsP DFB lasers, EDFA,
SMF, 2.5-10 Gb/s @ 300-10,000km repeater
spacing
2002: 64 WDM chx 10Gbps over 250,000 km span
Optical Communication
(Handout)
Concept of field propagation in optical
fibresOptical Confinement, cutoff condition,
single mode/multimode concept 2(T)
Concept of field absorption, scatteringloss,Fibre
loss, linear scattering 2(T)
Concept of pulse broadening and bandwidth
limitation Dispersion in fibres 2(T)
Concept of dispersion reduction and B.L
optimization. Zero dispersion concepts, DSF,
DFFClass discussions Ch.3 (R2)
Non linear effects in optical fibres
SRS,SBS,SPM,XPM,FWMClass, 3.4 (R1)
Concept of semiconductors sources LED & ILD
5.3 (R1), 3 (T)
Concepts of optical gainLaser modes, laser action,
mode selection 3(T),9.2 (R4)
Concept of high speed S.C lasers Chirping control,
mode selectionClass, 6.6 (R2) Concept of Electo-
Optic effectPockel effect & Kerr effect based
devices 17 (R3)
Concept of Acousto-Optic effectRaman & Bragg
modulators, deflectors 17 (R3)
Concepts of Transmitter design.Coherent light
wave TransmittersClass, 10 (R4)
Concept of performance issues of transmitters
Reliability, Testing, chirping and performance
studyClass notesConcept of photo detectionPIN,APD,
MSM. 6(R1),4(T)
Concept of optical receiverReceiver design, S/N
Estimation, Digital optical receivers10(T) ClassDo
Digital receiver sensitivity (Coherent receivers)6.3-
6.4(R1) 10(T)Concept of receivers performanceDesign
issues, S/N and BER optimization. 10(T),6.4, 6.5 (R1)
Concept of receivers overviewPractical receiver
discussionClass, 11 (R4),10(T)
Concept of Semiconductor laser
amplifierSLA,6(T)Concept of active fibre amplifiers
SRA, SBS 6(T)
Concepts of Doped fibre amplifiers EDFA 6(T), Class
notes

Concept of light wave amplifier systems.Design and

application of amplifiers Ch.6 (T)
Concept of light wave communication systemsDesign
issues of communication systemsClassConcept of
design Power penaltyPower penalty estimation and
reduction approaches .5.4 (T)
Concept and design guide-lines for optical linkPower
penalty considerations and link budget. 5.4 (T)Concept
of optical network and system architectures
Different topologies used in optical network8
(R1),6(R3)
Concept of Optical Networks Optical LAN , WANS,
SONET/SDH8 (R1),6(R3)
Concept WDM light wave system Channel spacing
decision, multipliers, design issues 8(T)Concept of
WDM system components couplers/routers/switches
8(T)Do
Optical filters and Concepts of WDM
Transmitters/Receivers
Practical Transmitters /ReceiversClass,12.2 (R4)Concept of
WDM system performance
Linear and Non linear effects8(T)Concepts of WDM
Networking
WDM Network routing/management8(R3)Concept of time
division multiplying
Optical TDM techniques.7.4 (R1)Concept of soliton
communication
Soliton Generation19 (R2), 9(T)7.10 (T)
Soliton Interaction 9(T)
High capacity soliton systems and jitter reduction
9(T)Concept of WDM soliton system
Soliton Multiplexing techniquesClass notesTo learn new
development in optical communication
New trends in optical communicationR3,Class notesDo
Networking, communicationR3,Class notes
Test I 50 mts. 20 OB
Test II 50 mts. 20 CB

Seminar / Lab
Assignments (10+10)
Compre.Exam. 3hrs 40 OB/CB
 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

SUBSYSTEMS (TRANSMITTER,CHANNEL,RECEIVER)

SYSTEM COMPONENTS(CONNECTOR,COUPLER,FILTER,
SWITCH,ROUTER,ISOLATOR etc.)

COMPONENET CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

SUBSYSTEM INTEGRATION & SYSTEM DESIGN

SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION & APPLICATION

Telecommunication

T1, 24 DS0 multiplexed=1.544Mbps

T2 , 4 T1 multiplexed = 6.312Mbps

T3, 7T2 multiplexed =44.736 Mbps

T4, 6T3 multiplexed =274.176 Mbps

Optical Carrier OC-1 SONET signal hierarchy

OC-1 STS-1 (Synch. trans. Level-1) 51.84Mbps

OC-3 STS-3 155.52Mbps (STM-1/SDH)

OC-12 STS-12 622.08 Mbps (STM-

4)
OC-24 STS-24 1244.16 Mbps (STM-8)

OC-48 STS-48 2488.32 Mbps STM-16

OC-96 STS-96 4976.64 Mbps STM-32

OC-192 STS-192 9953.28 Mbps STM-64

OPTICAL CHANNEL

Optical waveguide
Optical Fibers
Operating Window
Types of fibers ( major)
Graded Index / Step Index

Multi Mode /Mono Mode

Wave guide specifications parameters

Numerical Aperture (NA)

Index Profile ( α-profile)
Relative Index (Δ)
Core parameter ( u )
Cladding Parameter ( w)
Normalised Frequency (V)
Propagation vector(ß)
Normalised Propagation Constant(b)
PMD delay
Dispersion Properties

Dispersion curve
Group velocity /phase velocity
Pulse dispersion
Inter modal
Intra modal
Group index
Material Dispersion
Wave Guide Dispersion
Spectrum for communication
Signal propagation
Chromatic dispersion
TDM
WDM
TDM/WDM
Multi channel WDM system
Optical Attenuation in fibers
Usual repeater
Optical amplifier ( EDFA)
Raman Amplifier
Raman amplification
Optical channel impairments
Signal attenuation
Four wave Mixing
FWM
Raman Scattering
Dispersion parameters
Channel power ( OSA )
Channel measurements ( DWDM)
OSA Scan ( DWDM)
System Optimization
Trouble shooting
Optical Fiber
Light confinement

nSinθ0=n1Sinθ; SinΦ=n2/n1;
NA= n1(2Δ)1/2 ; ΔT=L Δ n12/cn2
Field modes
Mode diameter
Microbending Curve loss
DSF
Dispersion parameter D