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    Skull and Scalp: by DR Manah Chandra Changmai MBBS MS

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    Kalaivaany Ramachandran
    The skull and scalp are made up of several layers. [1] The skull can be viewed from different angles or normae to study its structures. [2] The scalp consists of five layers - skin, subcutaneous tissue, epicranius muscle and aponeurosis, subaponeurotic tissue, and pericranium. It extends from the forehead to the occipital bone and provides attachment and nerve supply to the underlying skull. [3] The epicranius muscle aids movement of the scalp and is innervated by the facial and temporal nerves, while the dense subcutaneous tissue contains vessels that can lead to heavy bleeding if torn.

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    Skull and Scalp: by DR Manah Chandra Changmai MBBS MS

    Uploaded by

    Kalaivaany Ramachandran
    94 views29 pages
    The skull and scalp are made up of several layers. [1] The skull can be viewed from different angles or normae to study its structures. [2] The scalp consists of five layers - skin, subcutaneous tissue, epicranius muscle and aponeurosis, subaponeurotic tissue, and pericranium. It extends from the forehead to the occipital bone and provides attachment and nerve supply to the underlying skull. [3] The epicranius muscle aids movement of the scalp and is innervated by the facial and temporal nerves, while the dense subcutaneous tissue contains vessels that can lead to heavy bleeding if torn.

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    Skull and Scalp

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    The skull and scalp are made up of several layers. [1] The skull can be viewed from different angles or normae to study its structures. [2] The scalp consists of five layers - skin, subcutaneous tissue, epicranius muscle and aponeurosis, subaponeurotic tissue, and pericranium. It extends from the forehead to the occipital bone and provides attachment and nerve supply to the underlying skull. [3] The epicranius muscle aids movement of the scalp and is innervated by the facial and temporal nerves, while the dense subcutaneous tissue contains vessels that can lead to heavy bleeding if torn.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    94 views29 pages

    Skull and Scalp: by DR Manah Chandra Changmai MBBS MS

    Uploaded by

    Kalaivaany Ramachandran
    The skull and scalp are made up of several layers. [1] The skull can be viewed from different angles or normae to study its structures. [2] The scalp consists of five layers - skin, subcutaneous tissue, epicranius muscle and aponeurosis, subaponeurotic tissue, and pericranium. It extends from the forehead to the occipital bone and provides attachment and nerve supply to the underlying skull. [3] The epicranius muscle aids movement of the scalp and is innervated by the facial and temporal nerves, while the dense subcutaneous tissue contains vessels that can lead to heavy bleeding if torn.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    Skull and Scalp

    By

    Dr Manah Chandra Changmai MBBS MS


    Skull

    Study of the skull is done by looking into

    a.Norma verticalis

    b.Norma frontalis

    c.Norma occipitalis

    d.Norma lateralis

    e.Norma basalis
    Skull

    Norma lateralis
    Norma frontalis
    Norma frontalis
    Norma lateralis
    Changes in scalp before and after birth

    Norma verticalis
    Sutures of the scalp

    Norma occipitalis
    Pterion

    Asterion
    Norma basalis
    Scalp

    The soft tissue that extends across the calvaria


    Of the skull

    The scalp extends from :

    The top of the forehead in front to the superior


    nuchal line behind.

    Laterally it projects down to the zygomatic arch


    and external acoustic meatus.

    It consists of five layers:


    a. skin
    b. subcutaneous tissue
    c. occipitofrontalis (epicranius) aponeurosis
    (galea aponeurotica)
    d. subaponeurotic areolar
    e. pericranium
    1. Skin

    The skin of the scalp contains the hair and


    associated glands.

    There are many sebaceous glands

    The scalp is the commonest site for


    sebaceous cysts.
    2. Dense connective tissue

    Consists of close network of fibrofatty tissue.

    Connects firmly the overlying skin and underlying


    galea aponeurotica and epicranius muscle.

    Contains large blood vessels and nerve of the scalp

    The blood vessels when torn lead to heavy bleeding.


    3.Epicranius muscle and its aponeurosis

    Includes the occipitofrontalis muscle and a variable slip of


    Temporoparietalis muscle.

    Occipitofrontalis

    Consists of paired occipitalis bellies behind and frontal bellies


    In the front.

    Occipital bellies

    Each belly arise from lateral two third of superior nuchal line
    of occipital bone and from mastoid bone.

    The two bellies are seperated by considerable interval.

    It is supplied posterior auricular branch of facial nerve.


    Frontal bellies

    They donot have bony origin

    Approximated to its other in the median plane.

    Each belly arise from subcutaneous tissue of the


    eyebrow and nose.

    Behind the muscle blend with galea aponeurotica


    infront of coronal suture.

    It is supplied by temporal branch of facial nerve.


    3. Galea aponeurotica or epicranial aponeurosis

    Sheeth of fibrous tissue that connects occipital and


    frontal bellies.

    Behind : it is attached to the extenal occipital protruberance


    in between the two occipital bellies.

    Front : it blends with with subcutaneous tissue and root of the


    nose in between the frontal bellies

    On each side: It passes over the temporal fascia and attached


    to the zygomatic arch.
    4. Loose subaponeurotic tissue or areolar tissue layer

    Consists of loose areolar tissue and forms a


    space below galea aponeurotica.

    It consists of emissary veins which communicates


    veins of the scalp and intracranial dural venous sinus

    Infection of this layer spread readily into the intracranial


    venous sinus through emissary veins.

    Injury to this layer lead to black eye.

    Also called the dangerous layer of the scalp


    Areolar tissue layer
    Black eye
    5. Pericranium

    Outer perioteum of the skull

    Loosely covers the bones except at the sutural line

    At the sutural line it is continous with the endocranium


    Nerve supply of the scalp

    Ten nerves supply the scalp

    Five nerves infront of auricle and five nerves behind.

    Nerves infront of auricle ( from before backwards )

    1.Supra trochlear ( sensory ): opthalmic division of trigeminal


    nerve.
    2. Supra orbital nerve ( sensory ): opthalmic division of
    trigeminal nerve.
    3. zygomatico-temporal nerve ( sensory ): maxillary division
    of trigeminal nerve.
    4. Temporal branch of facial nerve ( motor )
    5. Auriculo temporal nerve ( sensory )
    Nerves behind the auricle ( before backwards )

    1.Posterior branch of great auricular nerve ( sensory )


    2.Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve ( motor )
    3.Lesser occipital nerve ( sensory )
    4.Greater occipital nerve ( sensory )
    5.Third occipital nerve ( sensory )
    Nerve and arterial supply of scalp
    Venous drainage of the scalp
    Thank you

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