Lec#02
Contents
Brief History of Computer(Cont..)
Evolution of Computer
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Evolution of Computer:
The advancement of the computer technology is known as the evolution of
computer. Computers have covered distance from an abacus to intelligent robots.
The evolution of computer system can be divided into five generations.
1st generations Computers 2nd generations Computers
3rd generations Computers 4th generations Computers
5th generations Computers
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First generation Computers(Vacuum
Tubes;1946 to1959)
The first generation computers used vacuum tubes.
Vacuum tubes are an electronic device that controls the flow
of electrons in a vacuum that are used for calculations.
These tubes produced a lot of heat that caused breakdown
of the computer. It was an unreliable and expensive technology.
These computers were large in size and they occupied a lot of space, special room
with air conditioners were required to place these computers space.
Some representative systems: ENIAC,EDVAC,UNIVAC
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Second generation Computers
(Transistors;1959 to1965)
The second generation computers used transistors.
(Transistors can turn currents on and off billions of times per second. Digital
computers use transistors as a basic mechanism for storing and moving data) for
calculations.
The computers of this generation were more faster, cheaper, consumed less
power, more compact in size, reliable and faster as compared to first generation
computers
Some representative systems IBM1620,IBM7094,CDC3600.
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Third generation Computers
(Integrated Circuts;1965 to1971)
The third generation computers used integrated circuits(IC’s)(transferring electric
current flow to various electronic components within a device, such as its
capacitors, resistors, transistors, diodes, and inductors.)
In this generation computers were smaller in size, reliable and efficient, moreover
remote processing, timesharing, multi-programing operating system were used
Some representative systems IBM-360,Honeywell-6000,TDC-316.
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Fourth generation Computers
(Microprocessor;1971 to1981)
The fourth generation computers used Very large Scale integrated(VLSI)
circuits(an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing
unit of a computer. that is advance form of (IC,s).
This generation were portable. Revolution of personal computer(PC) begins from
this generation
Some representative systems Apple1,STAR 1000,CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer).
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Fifth generation Computers
(Artificial Intelligence;1980 to till date)
The fifth generation computers used Ultra large Scale integrated(ULSI)
technology.
Based upon on parallel processing hardware and Artificial Intelligence(AI)(the
theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally
requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition,
decision-making, and translation between languages) software
Artificial Intelligence consists of robotics, game playing, development of expert
systems to make decisions in real life situations
Some representative systems: Desktop, Laptop, NoteBook, Robots
