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Introduction To MF and UF

This document provides an introduction to microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF). MF removes particles between 0.01-10 micrometers, while UF removes smaller particles from 0.001-0.1 micrometers. Both processes use pressure to drive solvent through a porous membrane, separating particles in the feed into permeate and retentate. Common industrial applications of MF include sterile filtration and beer/wine sterilization. UF is used in food/bioprocessing to concentrate proteins and separate emulsions. Common membrane materials include aromatic polyamides, cellulose, and polysulfone. Membrane modules come in plate and frame, tubular, spiral wound, and hollow fiber

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73 views12 pages

Introduction To MF and UF

This document provides an introduction to microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF). MF removes particles between 0.01-10 micrometers, while UF removes smaller particles from 0.001-0.1 micrometers. Both processes use pressure to drive solvent through a porous membrane, separating particles in the feed into permeate and retentate. Common industrial applications of MF include sterile filtration and beer/wine sterilization. UF is used in food/bioprocessing to concentrate proteins and separate emulsions. Common membrane materials include aromatic polyamides, cellulose, and polysulfone. Membrane modules come in plate and frame, tubular, spiral wound, and hollow fiber

Uploaded by

nakeyahxo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE #2A – INTRODUCTION TO

MICRO & ULTRAFILTRATION

SEPR3003
MARIAN WATSON

1
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Microfiltration (MF) vs Ultrafiltration (UF)
 Terminology
 MF & UF Separations
 MF & UF Membranes

 Industrial Applications
 Membrane Materials
 Module types
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INTRODUCTION – MF vs UF
 Pressure driven processes where the solvent flows through a
porous membrane to remove micron sized particles

 Both membranes are commonly asymmetric

 MF removes larger sized particles (0.01 to 10m) than UF


(0.001 -0.1m) but overlap exists, not very distinct

3
INTRODUCTION – MF vs UF

Separation
of milk

4
INTRODUCTION - Terminology
 Feed - mixture of solvent and molecules of various sizes
 Solvent and small solute molecules pass through the
membrane and are collected as permeate
 Larger solutes that cannot pass are recovered in a
concentrated solution as retentate or concentrate
Feed
Retentate
or
Concentrate

5 Permeate
INTRODUCTION - MF & UF Separations
 Molecules separated by MF include:
 Bacteria and other micro-organisms
 Paint pigment
 Yeast cells and cells from fermentation broths
 Particles in beer pasteurization
UF & MF membranes too
porous for desalination

 Molecules rejected by UF membranes:


 Proteins
 Polymers
 Starches
 Colloidal dispersions of clays, latex particles, micro-organisms
6
INTRODUCTION – MF Membranes
 MF membrane life measured in hrs. Life depends on feed conc.
 Disposable cartridges often used
 Used as a pretreatment step to extend life on UF membranes

INTRODUCTION – UF Membranes
 UF can be used to fractionate proteins according to their MW

 Membranes rated with a MW ‘cut off’ (90% of substances with


MW > MWCO are rejected/blocked by membrane)

 RoT: MW must differ by factor of 10 for good separation


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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS - MF
 Sterile filtration of pharmaceuticals e.g. to produce
injectable drug solutions (aim to remove bacteria, 0.22m)
 Sterilization of wine and beer
 Aim to remove yeast cells and bacteria

 Less stringent than pharmaceuticals

 Electronics Industry - to produce ultrapure water which is


in turn used to fabricate electronic devices (0.1m)
 Oilfield: recovery of oil from produced water

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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS - UF
 Concentration of latex particles in electrocoat paint
 Food industry:
 Recovery of whey proteins in cheese manufacture

 Fractionation and separation of proteins

 Clarification of fruit juices

 Removal of bacteria and particulates in wine, beer

 Processing of blood to produce plasma for use in ERs


 Separation of oil and water emulsions
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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS - UF
 Too expensive for industrial scale water treatment

 Used to treat small, concentrated waste streams from point


sources before discharge to sewer

 Also used to recover valuable solutes or molecules


valuable enough to offset cost of UF system

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MEMBRANE MATERIALS
 MF & UF membranes are commonly made of:
 Aromatic polyamides
 Cellulose acetate
 Cellulose nitrate
 Polycarbonate
 Polyimides
 Polysulphone

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MEMBRANE MODULES
 Plate and frame modules - flat sheet membranes – offer
greatest versatility (membranes easily cleaned & replaced)
but most expensive, moderately resistant to fouling
 Tubular type modules – most resistant to fouling, more
easily cleaned but relatively expensive
 Spiral wound modules – more prone to fouling than tubular
#1 modules but more resistant than hollow fibre. Most cost
effective per unit membrane area

#2 Hollow fibre modules – least resistant to fouling of all
module types, highest membrane area per unit volume of all

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