Fdocuments - in Gas Insulated Substation 1

GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION
Presented by :
Modern Institute of
Engineering & Technology
Debasish sarkar (26901619043)
Tuhin Debnath (26901619041)
Tridisha Paul (26901619038)
Prodip Malo (26901619042)
Mrinal hati (26901619040)
Ankuri Das (26901619037)
Mangal deep verma (26901619039)
Saqlain Ahmed (26901619044)
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Conventional substation ( AIS )
 Limitation of AIS
 Need for GIS
 Introduction to GIS
 GIS unique features
 Components of GIS substation
 Advantages of GIS over conventional open air
substation
 Disadvantage of GIS
 Next presentation work
INTRODUCTION
 For maintaining proper voltage levels at transmission and
distribution level and for providing greater stability a number of
electrical transformation and switching setups have to be created
in between generating station and consumer ends. These
transformation and switching setups are generally known as
electrical substations.
 Based on nature of dielectric medium a substation is of two types
as following :
1. AIS (Air insulation sub-station )
2. GIS ( Gas insulation sub-station )
CONVENTIONAL SUBSTATION
LIMITATION OF AIS
Physical factor
Infrastructure factor
Social & Environmental factor
Commercial factor
NEED OF GIS
 Non availability of sufficient space. It is very much required to
establish a substation at load center. Establishing a substation at
load center is quite economical and profitable in following ways :
A. Reduction in length of feeders
B. Improvement of the quality of voltage regulation due to
short length feeders
 Difficult climatic and seismic conditions at site, like high altitude
and atmospheric pollution
 Aesthetically “superior” to air insulated substations
 The higher the voltage, the more favorable gas insulated
technology becomes
 Overcomes or decreases the magnitude of limitations of AIS site
selection
INTRODUCTION OF GIS
 Gas insulated substations (GIS) have been used in power systems
over the last three decades because of their high reliability, easy
maintenance, small ground space requirement etc. In India also, a
few GIS units are under various stages of installation.
 Gas insulated bus has a surge impedance (70Ω) more than that of the
conventional oil filled cables, but much less than that of an over
head line (300Ω - 400Ω). Further, the average bus run for a compact
GIS is much less than that for the conventional station.
 life of GIS is affected by several factors such as:
A. conductive particles
B. particle discharges
C. contamination
 The GIS require less number of lightning arresters than a
conventional one. This is mainly because of its compactness.
CONTI….
 The basic consideration for insulation coordination is V-T
characteristic. The V-T characteristic of SF6 is considerably flat
compared to that of air.
 Air can withstand to very high voltages for very short time.
However, as the duration of voltage increases, the withstand voltage
falls off considerably.
 On the other hand, SF6 exhibits a flat characteristic, thus the ratio
of basic lightning impulse level is close to unity for GIS, whereas
for the conventional substations this ratio varies between 0.6 and
0.86.
 Gas insulated substations are in service up to the highest voltage of
800 kV, meeting almost all the requirements in urban, industrial as
well as rural areas.
GIS UNIQUE FEATURE
1. Wide spread application of aluminium enclosure materials for
standardized component models for all voltage ranges
2. The light weight enclosures have good conductivity, low eddy-
current losses and a high resistance to corrosion
3. Easy handling, as well as reduced stresses on foundation and
support structure are additional features
4. Standard arrangements can be easily modified and extended with
good co-ordination between the manufacturer and the user.
5. A gas- tight barrier insulator in switchgear serve for the separation
of gas compartments and prevents neighbouring switchgear parts
from being affected during maintenance.
Components of GIS substation
1. Circuit breaker
2. Disconnector switch
3. Earthing switch
4. Current transformer
5. Voltage transformer
6. Bus bar & connectors
7. Power transformer
8. Surge arrester
9. Cable termination
10. SF6 / air or SF6 / oil bushing
ADVANTAGES OF GIS OVER CONVENTIONAL OPEN
AIR SUBSTATION
 Area and volume saving in construction for over or underground
applications.
 Greatly improved safety and reliability due to earthed metal housing of
all high voltage parts and much higher intrinsic strength of SF6 gas as
insulation.
 Short on site erection times
 Fulfilment of aesthetic requirements with indoor applications
 High service reliability
 Reduction in radio interference with the use of earthed metal enclosures
 Use as mobile substations for transportation to load centres on standard
tracks.
 More optimal life cycle costs
 Not necessary that high voltage switchgear has to be installed out doors.
DISADVANTAGE OF GIS
 Switching operation generate Very Fast Transients Over
Voltages (VFTOS).
 VFTOS may cause secondary breakdown inside a GIS
and Transient Enclosure Voltages (TEV) outside the
GIS.
 Field non-uniformities reduce withstanding levels of a
GIS.
 Prolonged arcing may produce corrosive/toxic by-
products.
 Support spacers can be weak points when arc by-
products and metallic particles are present.
NEXT PRESENTATION
WORK
 Type of GIS sub-station
 Construction of low & medium voltage GIS sub-station
 Construction of high voltage GIS sub-station
 Maintenance of GIS sub-station
 GIS approach in the GRID
 Visit of 400/220KV GIS substation located at DASTAN ,
bardoli ,
REFERENCE
 M.Bilal Latif “ Comparison of GIS substation over conventional

substation “ , IEEE
 http://
www.pserc.wisc.edu/documents/publications/papers/2001_general_
publications/indicator.pdf
Thank you

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GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION

 M.Bilal Latif “ Comparison of GIS substation over conventional

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