1) The document discusses the breeding of jute (Corchorus sp.), which is the second most important textile fiber after cotton.
2) Two main species of jute grown in India are Corchorus capsularis (white jute) and Corchorus olitorius (tossa jute), which accounts for 75% of cultivation but is more adaptable.
3) The key breeding objectives mentioned are developing high yielding short duration varieties; improving fiber quality, pest/disease resistance; and breeding for high seed yield and non-shattering habit in C. olitorius.
1) The document discusses the breeding of jute (Corchorus sp.), which is the second most important textile fiber after cotton.
2) Two main species of jute grown in India are Corchorus capsularis (white jute) and Corchorus olitorius (tossa jute), which accounts for 75% of cultivation but is more adaptable.
3) The key breeding objectives mentioned are developing high yielding short duration varieties; improving fiber quality, pest/disease resistance; and breeding for high seed yield and non-shattering habit in C. olitorius.
1) The document discusses the breeding of jute (Corchorus sp.), which is the second most important textile fiber after cotton.
2) Two main species of jute grown in India are Corchorus capsularis (white jute) and Corchorus olitorius (tossa jute), which accounts for 75% of cultivation but is more adaptable.
3) The key breeding objectives mentioned are developing high yielding short duration varieties; improving fiber quality, pest/disease resistance; and breeding for high seed yield and non-shattering habit in C. olitorius.
1) The document discusses the breeding of jute (Corchorus sp.), which is the second most important textile fiber after cotton.
2) Two main species of jute grown in India are Corchorus capsularis (white jute) and Corchorus olitorius (tossa jute), which accounts for 75% of cultivation but is more adaptable.
3) The key breeding objectives mentioned are developing high yielding short duration varieties; improving fiber quality, pest/disease resistance; and breeding for high seed yield and non-shattering habit in C. olitorius.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 19
Breeding of
JUTE (Corchorus sp ) (2n = 14)
Dr. Mamata Khandappagol
Assistant Professor (Contractual) Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding CoA, Chamarajanagara-571127 UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru INTRODUCTION • Jute is a natural fiber popularly known as the “Golden Fiber” • Jute fiber comes from the stem of a herbaceous annual plant called “Corchous”. • Jute is the second in the worlds production of textile fibers after cotton • India, china, Bangladesh are leading producers of jute • Jute is almost entirely a market oriented crop • The plant has a height of 8 to 12 feet.
Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 2
Jute Plant Jute • The genus Corchorus includes about 40 species.
• In India only 8 species occur.
• Two cultivated species are
• C.capsularis : White jute 50 races occur in this
• C.olitorius : Tossa jute 8 races occur in this.
• Both the species are not crossable. Among the two
olitorius yields more fibre/unit area. Jute • The fibre is finer, softer, more, lustrous and less rooty than capsularis. • Olitorius occupies about 25% of jute area in India. • One of the draw backs of Tossa jute is pre mature flowering if the varieties are sown earlier in March-April in early monsoon rains. • The pre mature flowering leads to profuse branching and deterioration in fibre quality. Capsularis strains are characterized by a single flush of flowering at the end of single vegetative period. • Based on maturity, the varieties in Capsularis are divided in to Early - Flowering in July Medium - August Late - September. Species of Jute grown in India Corchurus olitorius Corchours capsularis (Tossa jute) (White jute) • Accounts for 75% of the • Not grown much in India total land area under jute cultivation. • Does not easily adopt to harsh climatic conditions • Hardy and highly adoptable • Can be grown only on • Grows well on both lowlands. lowlands and uplands.
Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 6
Breeding objectives : 1. Breeding for high yielding short duration jute varieties. Early varieties are generally low yielders whereas late varieties are high yielders. So to combine high yield with earliness is one of the main objectives. Yield is positively correlated with plant height, basal diameter of stem, fibre-stick ratio. Higher photo synthetic capacity with increased lamina length, breadth, petiole length and leaf angle at 40O also contribute to yield.
Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 7
2. Breeding for quality fibre • In jute quality is negatively, correlated with yield. The quality characters are a) Fibre length. b) Fibre strength c) Fibre colour d) Lustre e) Percentage and quality of retting • Environment plays a major rote in quality. Alternate and fluctuating bright sunshine, humidity and temperature and rainfall at minimal level are favorable for improved quality. • Further retting in clear and slow running water gives good quality fibre. The tall and thick plants in general gives inferior fibre than that in short and thick plant. 3. Breeding for pest and disease resistant varieties In pests, stem borer and aphids cause greater damage and in diseases Macrophomena is major. Though resistance sources are available in other related species, the crossability barrier prevents transfer. 4. Breeding varieties for high seed yield : Since jute is cut for fibre at 50% flowering stage, it is essential to reserve some plants for production of seeds. The fibre obtained from seed crop will be poor in quality. Hence it is necessary to breed varieties specially for high seed production with out loosing quality characters.
5. Breeding for olitorius varieties having non-
shattering habit coupled with non-pre flowering habit. JRO 524 JRO 7885 Sudan green x JRO 632 BREEDING METHODS : 1. Germplasm building and Utilization Central Jute Technological Research Institute, Calcutta is maintaining the Jute collections. This shows wide range of variability thus offering a great scope for improvement by selection and hybridization.
2. Introduction : Introduced short duration varieties are Jap green, Jap red, Jaichung sudan green.
3. Mutation breeding : Using x rays useful jute mutants were obtained at Calcutta JRC 7447 and Rupali two varieties. Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 11 4. Hybridization and selection
a) Inter varietal: • Multiple crossing and selection are followed both in olitorius and capsularis improvement. • In olitorius improved varieties are JRO 524, JRO 7885. • In capsulanis JRL 412, JRL 919 • Since yield and quality are negatively correlated a balance must be struck in breeding for improved varieties.
a) Inter specific cross:
So far not successful. Attempts were made by straight cross mixed pollen method, Stigmatic paste method, self anther paste method, stigma cut method polyploidy breeding. But none of them proved successful. Difference in embryo endosperm growth is the reason PRACTICAL ACHIEVEMENTS BREEDING CENTRES:
