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    Breeding of Sesame (2n 26) : Sesamum Indicum

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    Mamata khandappagol
    1) Sesame is an important oilseed crop originating from tropical Africa. It is cultivated in many parts of Asia, Africa, and other tropical regions. 2) Sesame has several wild relatives that are used as progenitors in breeding programs. The goals of sesame breeding include developing high yielding drought tolerant varieties, as well as varieties with white seeds, mono-stemmed plants, and disease resistance. 3) Breeding methods used include introduction, pure line selection, hybridization, population improvement, and polyploidy breeding. Several improved varieties have been developed with higher yields and other desirable traits.

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    Breeding of Sesame (2n 26) : Sesamum Indicum

    Uploaded by

    Mamata khandappagol
    104 views10 pages
    1) Sesame is an important oilseed crop originating from tropical Africa. It is cultivated in many parts of Asia, Africa, and other tropical regions. 2) Sesame has several wild relatives that are used as progenitors in breeding programs. The goals of sesame breeding include developing high yielding drought tolerant varieties, as well as varieties with white seeds, mono-stemmed plants, and disease resistance. 3) Breeding methods used include introduction, pure line selection, hybridization, population improvement, and polyploidy breeding. Several improved varieties have been developed with higher yields and other desirable traits.

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    15 Sesame

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    1) Sesame is an important oilseed crop originating from tropical Africa. It is cultivated in many parts of Asia, Africa, and other tropical regions. 2) Sesame has several wild relatives that are used as progenitors in breeding programs. The goals of sesame breeding include developing high yielding drought tolerant varieties, as well as varieties with white seeds, mono-stemmed plants, and disease resistance. 3) Breeding methods used include introduction, pure line selection, hybridization, population improvement, and polyploidy breeding. Several improved varieties have been developed with higher yields and other desirable traits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    104 views10 pages

    Breeding of Sesame (2n 26) : Sesamum Indicum

    Uploaded by

    Mamata khandappagol
    1) Sesame is an important oilseed crop originating from tropical Africa. It is cultivated in many parts of Asia, Africa, and other tropical regions. 2) Sesame has several wild relatives that are used as progenitors in breeding programs. The goals of sesame breeding include developing high yielding drought tolerant varieties, as well as varieties with white seeds, mono-stemmed plants, and disease resistance. 3) Breeding methods used include introduction, pure line selection, hybridization, population improvement, and polyploidy breeding. Several improved varieties have been developed with higher yields and other desirable traits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Breeding Of Sesame

    Sesamum indicum
    (2n=26)

    Dr. Mamata Khandappagol


    Assistant Professor (Contractual)
    Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
    CoA, Chamarajanagara-571127
    UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru
    INTRODUCTION

    • Scientific name: Sesamum indicum

    • Family: Pedaliaceae

    • Chromosome number : 2n=2x=26

    • Other names : Til, Gingelly, Tila, Ellu,..

    Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 2


    IMPORTANCE
    • One of the oldest oil yielding crop.
    • Oil content : 37-52%.
    • Oil Rich in protein(20%), vitamin-E.
    • Used for edible purpose, and also in soap
    manufacture.
    • Oil is property of high stability.
    • Also used for culinary purpose and in bakery
    industry.

    Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 3


    ORIGIN & DISTRIBUTION
    • Tropical Africa is considered as Primary centre of
    origin.

    • Secondary origin : India

    • Sesame is distributed in the centers of Asia minor and


    Mediterranean region.

    • Crop is cultivated in Africa, Middle east, India,


    Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar,
    South-east countries.
    Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 4
    PROGINATORS
    • Sesamum angustifolium

    • S. radiatum

    • S. alatum

    Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 5


    WILD RELATIVE (Progenitor)
    1. S. alatum 2n = 26
    Resistant to phyllody S. alatum x S. indicum alatum is
    having dormancy.
    2. S. malabaricum (2n = 26) Occurs in Travancore of Kerala.
    It freely crosses with cultivated gingelly. Oil content is low
    32% It is utilised to induce male sterility in cultivated
    sesame
    3. S. laciniatum 2n = 32: Tolerant to phyllody, drought and
    jassid resistant. Fertile auto allopolyploid produced by
    crossing S. indicum x S. laciniatum—F1 Sterile
    4. S. prostratum occurs in S. India (2n = 26)
    Tolerant to drought.
    Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 6
    Breeding objectives :
    1. Breeding high yielding varieties tolerant to drought.
    2. Breeding white seeded varieties
    Finest quality of oil is obtained from white seeded lines.
    3. Development of mono stemmed varieties.
    By this more population per unit area and yield can be
    increased. Monostemmed varieties are low yielders.
    4. Development of multicapsule / axil and multicarpellary
    varieties.
    5. Rice fallow varieties : Shorter in duration.
    6. Non- shattering varieties: African lines.
    7. Resistant to disease
    Powdery mildew; Phyllody - transfer from wild species.
    Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 7
    BREEDING METHODS :
    1. Introduction : African lines.
    2. Pure line selection. TMV6 - Andhra local.
    3. Hybridization and selection.
    a) Inter varietial
    b) Inter specific : Male sterile lines evolved by crossing
    with S.malabaricum.
    4. Population improvement
    5. Poly ploidy breeding
    6. Heterosis breeding
    Epipetalous nature makes emasculation and crossing easier
    Use of CMS lines is also being attempted.
    7. Embryo rescue technique.
    Varieties Gouri, Madhavi, Rajeshwari, Swetha
    Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 8
    PRACTICAL ACHIEVEMENTS

    VARITIES
    Variety Parentage Duration
    1. Co 1 (TMV 3 x SI 1878) x SI 1878 90
    2. TMV 3 South Arcot local x Malabar local 80
    3. TMV 4 Pure line selection 80
    4. TMV 5 PLS from Srivaikundam local 80
    5. TMV 6 Selection from Andhra local 85
    6. SVPR 1 Selection from Western Ghat white 80
    7. Paiyur 1 SI 2511 x SI 2314 90
    8. VRI 1 Selection from Tripathur local 75
    Dr. Mamata K, Dept. of GPB, Chamarajanagara 9

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