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Simple Machines: Section 2

This document provides an overview of simple machines, including the six types: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. It describes the key parts and functions of each machine type. Levers are classified into three types based on the relative positions of the load, effort, and fulcrum. Pulleys can act as modified levers. An inclined plane reduces the force needed to lift a load by applying the force over a greater distance. Compound machines combine two or more simple machines, such as the scissors which uses two levers with wedge blades.

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Moe Mimiso
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46 views24 pages

Simple Machines: Section 2

This document provides an overview of simple machines, including the six types: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. It describes the key parts and functions of each machine type. Levers are classified into three types based on the relative positions of the load, effort, and fulcrum. Pulleys can act as modified levers. An inclined plane reduces the force needed to lift a load by applying the force over a greater distance. Compound machines combine two or more simple machines, such as the scissors which uses two levers with wedge blades.

Uploaded by

Moe Mimiso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 13 

SECTION 2

Simple
Machines  
OBJECTIVES 

o What are the six types of simple machines?

o What are the two principal parts of all levers?

o How does using an inclined plane change the force required to do work?

o What simple machines make up a pair of scissors?


PRIOR KNOWLEDGE 

• Work: the transfer of energy to an object by the application of force that


causes the object to move in the direction of the force. 

      Work= Force x Distance

      W = Fd

• Work is measured in joules (J): 

      1N . m = 1J =1kg . M2/s2

   Work is done when force causes an object to move


KEY TERMS 

• Machine: is a device that changes the direction or amount of forces needed


to work

• Simple Machines: one of the six basic types of machines, which are the
basis for all other forms of machines

• Compound Machines: a machine made of more than one simple machine

Machines do not reduce the amount of work needed, They just make it easier to do the work.  
THE SIX TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES:

• Lever

• Pulley

• Wheel and axle

• Inclined plane 

• Wedge

• Screw 
T H E L E V E R FA M I LY  

Simple Lever

• The lever is a very simple and common


machine that can be used to reduce the
effort that is needed to get a job done.

• A lever is usually a long, rigid arm that


moves around a turning point called a
fulcrum or pivot.
THE THREE TYPES OF LEVERS

All levers are either force multipliers or speed


multipliers.

• Force multiplying levers: Multiply the effort you


use. This means that you may be able to move
loads that you couldn’t move without the lever.

• Speed multipliers: Increase the speed of an


object. A big effort needs to be applied, but the
load moves over a greater distance, at a higher
speed.
THE THREE TYPES OF LEVERS
THE THREE TYPES OF LEVERS
T H E L E V E R FA M I LY  

Pulleys 
• A pulley is a grooved wheel
with a rope chain, or cable
running along the groove. 
Pulleys are modified levers
THE THREE TYPES OF PULLEYS
T H E L E V E R FA M I LY  

Wheel and axel 


• A wheel and axel is made of a lever or a pulley (the wheel)
connected to a shaft (the axle).

• In cars, the small force is applied to the steering wheel


is multiplied (to become bigger) and applied to the
steering column, which turns the front wheels of the car. 
T H E L E V E R FA M I LY  

Wheel and axel 


• the steering wheel of a car, screwdrivers and cranks are
examples of wheel-and-axle machines 
T H E I N C L I N E D P L A N E FA M I LY  
Simple inclined plane
• inclined plane changes the force required to lift an
object by applying the force over a greater distance.

• Pushing an object up an inclined plane requires less


input force than lifting the same object does.

• The same amount of work must be done whether you


lift something straight up or push it up a ramp.

•  Pushing an object up a long, gradual ramp takes less


force than pushing the object up a short, steep ramp. 
• The mechanical advantage of an inclined
plane is equal to the length of the inclined
plane divided by the height to which the load
is lifted.
T H E I N C L I N E D P L A N E FA M I LY  

Wedge
• A wedge is formed of two inclined planes
placed back to back.

• Using a wedge is like pushing a ramp


instead of pushing something up a ramp.

• A wedge turns a single downward force


into two forces directed out to the sides.
T H E I N C L I N E D P L A N E FA M I LY  

Wedge

Wedges are used to:

1. lift things

2. separate things

3. tighten and attach things


T H E I N C L I N E D P L A N E FA M I LY  

Screw
• A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around
a cylinder.

• Example of screw: jar lids, light bulbs, drill bit


and Spiral staircases. 
Screw
• a screw with gently sloping
threads requires a small
force to act over a long
distance. 

• a screw with steeper


threads requires more
force over less distance. 
COMPOUND MACHINES

• A compound machine compound machine is a


machine that combines two or more simple
machines.
• A pair of scissors, for example, uses two first-
class levers joined at a common fulcrum; each
lever arm has a wedge that cuts into the paper.

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