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Introduction To SQL

The document provides an introduction to SQL and Access. It covers key SQL concepts and functions including SELECT statements to retrieve data from tables, JOINs to combine data from multiple tables, and functions like WHERE, ORDER BY, COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX and BETWEEN to filter and aggregate data. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate their use on sample tables. The document aims to teach the basic building blocks of SQL to access and manipulate data stored in database tables.

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Rangith Uthayakumaran
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views

Introduction To SQL

The document provides an introduction to SQL and Access. It covers key SQL concepts and functions including SELECT statements to retrieve data from tables, JOINs to combine data from multiple tables, and functions like WHERE, ORDER BY, COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX and BETWEEN to filter and aggregate data. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate their use on sample tables. The document aims to teach the basic building blocks of SQL to access and manipulate data stored in database tables.

Uploaded by

Rangith Uthayakumaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

TO SQL - ACCESS
U. Rangith
ICTT – Instructor | NVQ Level – 04
Vocational Training Center
Ministry of Vocational Training Authority of Sri Lanka
There are Four Main Parts

■ SELECT
■ FROM
■ WHERE
■ ORDER BY
Access SQL – Programming with
Access 2007
■ SELECT Statement
– Return value from a specify field in a table or tables

■ Example with Employee Table:


– SELECT ID, FirstName, LastName, UserName

■ Fully Qualified:
– SELECT employee.ID, employee.FirstName, employee.LastName,
employee.UserName
Selecting Field From Table to Display

■ SELECT Statement
– Return value from a specify field in a table or tables

■ Example with Employee Table:


– SELECT FieldName1, FieldName2, FieldName3

■ Fully Qualified:
SELECT Table1. FieldName1, Table1. FieldName2, Table1. FieldName3, Table1.
FieldName4
FROM Table1;
SELECT Query Example

■ Example with Employee Table:


– SELECT ID, FirstName, LastName, UserName

■ Fully Qualified:
– SELECT employee.ID, employee.FirstName, employee.LastName,
employee.UserName

■ SELECT *
FROM Employee;
INNER JOIN

Return all record were given values are equal in both tables.

Usage
FROM Customers INNER JOIN Contacts ON
Customer.ID=Contacts.Customer_ID
OUTER JOIN

Return records from one table and some records from another table where given values are equal in
both tables.

Usage
FROM Customers LEFT JOIN Contacts ON Customer.ID=Contacts.Customer_ID

All SOME
FROM Customers RIGHT JOIN Contacts ON Customer.ID=Contacts.Customer_ID

SOME ALL
Full Use

SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Contacts.LastName,Contacts.Email FROM Customer


INNER JOIN Contacts ON Customers.ID=Contacts.Customer_ID
Connecting Two Tables or More Table

SELECT Table1.Field_Name, Table1.Field_Name, Table3.Field_Name


FROM Table1 INNER JOIN (Table2 INNER JOIN Table3 ON Table2.bid=Table3.bid) ON
Table1.sid=Table3.sid
WHERE (Condition);

Example:

SELECT sailor.sid, Sailor.sname, Reserved.color


FROM Sailor INNER JOIN (Reserved INNER JOIN Boast ON Reserved.bid=Boast.bid)
ON Sailor.sid=Boast.sid
WHERE Sailor.sname="Raman"; Table1: Sailor
Table2: Reserved
Table3: Boast
Caculating Average

SELECT Avg(Table_Field_Name) AS Field_Heading/Field_Name


FROM Table_Name;

Example:

SELECT Avg(sailor.age) AS Average


FROM sailor;
Using Where Condition

SELECT Avg(Table_Field_Name) AS Field_Heading/Field_Name


FROM Table_Name;
WHERE(Condition)

Example:

SELECT Avg(sailor.age) AS Average


FROM sailor
WHERE (sailor.rating<10);
Count Data

SELECT COUNT(Field_Name)
FROM Table_Name;

Example:

SELECT COUNT(sname)
FROM sailor;
Using And, OR Functions

SELECT Sailor.sid, Sailor.sname, Reserved.color


FROM Sailor INNER JOIN (Boast INNER JOIN Reserved ON Boast.bid=Reserved.bid)
ON Sailor.sid=Boast.sid
WHERE Reserved.color="red" Or Reserved.color="green";
Filtering Data using Where Conditon

SELECT Sailor.sid, Sailor.sname, Boast.bid


FROM Sailor INNER JOIN Boast ON Sailor.sid=Boast.sid
WHERE Boast.bid=103;
ORDER BY

ORDER BY  This is used to Order Change the Ascending Order of particular Field Name

SELECT Table1.Field_Name1, Table1.Field_Name2, Table1.Field_Name3


FROM Table1
ORDER BY Table1.Field_Name3;

Example:

SELECT EMP.ID, EMP.First_Name, EMP.Contact_Number


FROM EMP
ORDER BY EMP.Contact_Number;
Calculating SUM

SELECT sum(Table1.Field_Name1) AS New_Field_Name FROM Table1;

Example:

SELECT sum(sailor.age) AS Total_Sum FROM sailor;


The SQL MIN() and MAX() Functions

■ The MIN() function returns the smallest value of the selected column.
■ The MAX() function returns the largest value of the selected column.

MIN() Syntax
SELECT MIN(Field_Name)
FROM Table_Name
WHERE condition;

Example

SELECT MIN(Student_Average)
FROM Stu_Marks
Where Condition;
The SQL MIN() and MAX() Functions

■ The MIN() function returns the smallest value of the selected column.
■ The MAX() function returns the largest value of the selected column.

MAX() Syntax
SELECT MAX(Field_Name)
FROM Table_Name
WHERE condition;

Example

SELECT MAX(Student_Average)
FROM Stu_Marks
Where Condition;
The SQL BETWEEN Operator

■ The BETWEEN operator selects values within a given range. The values can be
numbers, text, or dates.
■ The BETWEEN operator is inclusive: begin and end values are included. 

SELECT Field_Name1,
FROM Table_Name
WHERE Field_Name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;

Example:

SELECT Stu_ID, Stu_Marks, Stu_Total;


FROM Student
WHERE Stu_Marks BETWEEN 50 AND 70;
UPDATE A FIELD RECORDS

SELECT Table1.Field_Name1, Table1.Field_Name2 + Value AS Field_Name


FROM Table1;

Example:

SELECT EMP.EMP_ID, EMP.EMP_Salary + 5000 AS Updated_Salary


FROM EMP;
Filtering records from a field

SELECT Table_Name.Field_Name1, Table_Name.Field_Name2


FROM sailor
WHERE Field_Name LIKE ‘ Character * ' ;

SELECT EMP.EMP_Name, EMP.Salary


FROM EMP
WHERE EMP_Name LIKE 'A*';

Its Display the employe name which is starts by “A”


Try Some Practical… 

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