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Data Collection Procedure

This document discusses different quantitative data collection procedures including observation, surveys, quantitative interviews, and questionnaires. It provides details on how to conduct each type of data collection properly. Observation involves using checklists to record behaviors, surveys can be sample surveys, administrative data, censuses, or tracer studies. Quantitative interviews use a standardized interview guide with closed and open-ended questions. Questionnaires should be carefully designed to be valid, reliable, and avoid biases or sensitive personal questions.

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141 views12 pages

Data Collection Procedure

This document discusses different quantitative data collection procedures including observation, surveys, quantitative interviews, and questionnaires. It provides details on how to conduct each type of data collection properly. Observation involves using checklists to record behaviors, surveys can be sample surveys, administrative data, censuses, or tracer studies. Quantitative interviews use a standardized interview guide with closed and open-ended questions. Questionnaires should be carefully designed to be valid, reliable, and avoid biases or sensitive personal questions.

Uploaded by

Nowan Nobody
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER III

DATA COLLECTION
PROCEDURES
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES
• Refers to the process of gathering information.
• The data that you will collect should be able to
answer the questions you posed in your STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM.
• The data are collected, recorded, organized, and
translated to measurement scales and entered into a
computer database for statistical computation, using
appropriate software packages like EXCEL, SPSS, SAS,
etc.
TYPES OF QUANTITATVE DATA
COLLECTION PROCEDURES
A. OBSERVATION
B. SURVEY
C. QUANTITATIVE INTERVIEW
D. QUESTIONNAIRE
A. OBSERVATION
• This method of gathering data usually used in situations
where the respondents cannot answer the researcher’s
question to obtain information for a research study.
• The information is structured to elicit information that
could be coded to give numerical data.
• As a researcher, you have to prepare a checklist using
an appropriate rating scales that may categorize the
behavior, attitude or attribute that you are observing to
answer the questions posed in your study.
B. SURVEY
• Quantitative Data can be collected using four(4) types of
survey:
a. Sample Survey
 Collects data from a sample of population to estimate the
attributes or characteristics of a population.
b. Administrative Data
 A survey on the organization’s day-to-day operations
 This data is now supported with various ICT tools and softwares
making it easy for organizations especially government, schools,
industry, NGO to update their records efficiently and effectively
and put up their own Management Information Systems (MIS).
c. Census
 The researcher collects data from the selected population.
 It is an official count on survey of a population with details on
demographics, economic and social data such as age, sex,
education, marital status, household size, occupation,
religion, employment data, educational qualifications and
housing..
d. Tracer Studies
 A regular survey with a sample of those surveyed within a
specific time or period.
 Used by educational institutions to follow up their graduates.
 The survey is usually sent to a random sample after one or
two years after graduation from their courses.
C. QUANTITATIVE INTERVIEW
• The interview may be used for both quantitative and qualitative
research studies.
• Both research methods involve the participation of the
researcher and the respondent.
• In conducting a quantitative interview, the researcher prepares
an interview guide or schedule.
• It contains a list of questions and answer options that the
researcher will read to the respondent.
• The interview guide may contain closed-ended questions and a
few open-ended questions as well, that are delivered in the
same format and same order to every respondent.
• This method of collecting data involves gathering of
information from a large representative sample,
which is quite laborious.
• Data from quantitative interviews can be analyzed by
assigning numerical values to the responses of the
participants.
• The numeric responses maybe entered into a data
analysis computer program where you can run
various statistical measures.
D. QUESTIONNAIRE
• May be standardized or researcher-made.
• Standardized questionnaire has gone through the
process of psychometric validation, has been piloted
and revised.
SAURO (2012) provided the advantages of
standardized usability questionnaire:
• Validity
• Reliability
• Sensitivity
• Objectivity
• Quantification
• Norms
For researcher-made questionnaire that has been
developed by the researcher specifically for a research
study, the following should be discussed:
• the corrections and suggestions made on the draft to improve
the instrument.
• the different persons involved in the correction and refinement
of the research instrument.
• the pre-testing efforts and subsequent instrument revisions
• the type of items used in the instrument
• the reliability of the data and evidence of validity
• the steps involved in scoring, guidelines for interpretation
The following discussion will guide you in formulating good
questions in a questionnaire:

• Avoid leading questions.


• Be specific with what you like to measure.
• Avoid unfamiliar words that the respondents might not be
familiar with.
• Multiple choice categories should be mutually exclusive to
elicit clear choices.
• Avoid personal questions, which may intrude into the privacy
of the respondents like those questions pertaining to income,
family life, beliefs, like religions or political affiliation.
• Make your questions short and easy to answer.

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