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    Thickness and Depth Problems

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    VICTOR M JIMENEZ-ACEVEDO
    The document discusses measuring and calculating thickness and depth of rock layers, including defining strike, dip, and angle of dip. It explains how to measure a stratigraphic section and the difference between true thickness, which is perpendicular to rock contacts, versus apparent thickness, which may not be. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating true thickness from apparent thickness using trigonometric functions of the dip angle.

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    Thickness and Depth Problems

    Uploaded by

    VICTOR M JIMENEZ-ACEVEDO
    27 views15 pages
    The document discusses measuring and calculating thickness and depth of rock layers, including defining strike, dip, and angle of dip. It explains how to measure a stratigraphic section and the difference between true thickness, which is perpendicular to rock contacts, versus apparent thickness, which may not be. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating true thickness from apparent thickness using trigonometric functions of the dip angle.

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    The document discusses measuring and calculating thickness and depth of rock layers, including defining strike, dip, and angle of dip. It explains how to measure a stratigraphic section and the difference between true thickness, which is perpendicular to rock contacts, versus apparent thickness, which may not be. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating true thickness from apparent thickness using trigonometric functions of the dip angle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    27 views15 pages

    Thickness and Depth Problems

    Uploaded by

    VICTOR M JIMENEZ-ACEVEDO
    The document discusses measuring and calculating thickness and depth of rock layers, including defining strike, dip, and angle of dip. It explains how to measure a stratigraphic section and the difference between true thickness, which is perpendicular to rock contacts, versus apparent thickness, which may not be. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating true thickness from apparent thickness using trigonometric functions of the dip angle.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Thickness and Depth

    Problems
    Laboratory 1
    GEOL 4009 Stratigraphy Lab
    Luis A. Espada
    January 31 & February 2, 2022
    Objectives

    • Learn to measure a Stratigraphic Section


    • Understand the therms of thickness strata
    and how to calculate true thikness
    Introduction

    • Stratigraphy- branch of Geology that study the formation, composition, sequence,


    and correlation of stratified rocks and sediments. Principles of stratigraphic study
    can be applied across the broad range of the earth sciences, however, has focused
    most often on the evaluation and analysis of sedimentary strata (Encyclopedia of
    Geology, 2021).
    • Structural Geology- study of the three dimensional distribution of large bodies of
    rock, their surfaces, composition and deformation, based on its tectonic history,
    past geological environments and events that could have changed it (AAPG, 2021)
    Measurements applied to define the
    orientation of rock layer
    Strike (rumbo)- Intersection of a rock layer with an imaginary horizontal
    Strike plane measured with a compass

    Dip (buzamiento)- direction of inclination of the rock layer (always


    Dip perpendicular to strike)

    Angle
    Angleof
    ofdip
    dip(ángulo
    (Ángulode
    debuzamiento)-
    buzamiento)-angle
    anglebetween
    betweenthe
    theinclined
    inclinedrock
    rocklayer
    layer
    Angle and
    andthe
    theimagery
    imageryhorizontal
    horizontalplane.
    plane
    Reference: https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/geolmanual/chapter/overview-of-strike-dip-and-structural-cross-sections/
    Reference: https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/geolmanual/chapter/overview-of-strike-dip-and-structural-cross-sections/
    Measuring Stratigraphic Sections

    • Maps and air photos


    • Pace-compass traverse
    • Jacob’s staff
    • Brunton and tape method
    Measuring Stratigraphic Sections
    True Thickness & Apparent Thickness
    • True thickness (TT) A- distance
    measured perpendicular to the
    exposed upper and lower contact of a
    unit. B
    • Apparent thickness (AT) B- distance
    measured perpendicular to exposed
    upper and lower contact in a map or
    cross section plane that is not
    perpendicular to the planar contacts of
    the unit.
    A
    • TT siempre será menor que AT
    Outcrop width & Apparent width

    • Outcrop width- distance on the map between the bounding contacts of a


    tabular unit measured along an azimuth perpendicular to strike.
    • Apparent width- distance on the map between the upper and lower contacts
    of a tabular unit measured in a direction other than perpendicular to strike.
    Reference:
    https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/geolmanual/chapter/
    overview-of-strike-dip-and-structural-cross-sections/
    Examples
    • A bed dips at an angle of 40 degrees East. The surface of the ground is level,
    and the distance between the upper and lower contacts of the bed
    measured at right angles to strike is 250 feet. Find the true thickness of the
    bed. In addition, find the apparent thickness as would be measured by a
    vertical drill hole located on the upper contact. Scale: 1 inch = 50 feet.
    250 ft 40º
    25 sin (a)= op (TT)/hip
    40º 0f TT= hip sen(50º)
    40º t
    TT= 250 sen(50º)
    TT= 191.51 ft
    50º
    cos (a)= adj (TT)/hip
    cos(40º)=TT/AT
    50º AT=191.5ft/cos(40º)=249.99 ft
    Examples: Wellington
    Calculate True Thickness
    • Strike & Dip: N 30 E, 70 W
    Unit 1: 9.12 meters of weathered sandstones, fine grained. Erosional
    contact at the top. 60º
    N 30 E 9.12 cos (a)= ady/hip Método largo,
    cos(a)=9.12/TT pero preciso
    30º
    TT=9.12cos(30)
    30º
    TT=7.89 m
    9.12 m
    30º 60º
    TT= Lcosδ, L es grosor δ es dip
    TT= 9.12 cos(70)=3.11 m
    Método corto,
    menos preciso
    Diferencia= 7.89 m-3.11 m= 4.78 m
    Examples

    T= True thickness S=Apparent (Vertical) thickness

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