ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា

ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ

ិ
វទ្យាស្ថា ំ ង
នគរុកោសល្យបាត់ដប
Battambang Teacher Education College

Presentation

TOPIC: “ NUMBERS , PROBLRMS AND SOLUTIONS ”

Teacher Educator: SRAN LOUTH

GROUP1
1. Heng Chhengheng 3. Thuon Samdy
2. Meout Sokhy 4. Ven Sievmi
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 CONTENTS

I. Numbers
1. The language of number
2. Percentages
3. Simplification
4. Further numerical phrase
II. Problems and Solution
1. Structure
2. Alternative Structure
3. Vocabulary

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I. Numbers
What is number mean?
Number is mean an arithmetical value, expressed by a word,
symbol, or figure, representing a particular quantity and used in
counting and making calculations.

There are also different types of numbers, such as

• whole numbers {1,2,3,...}
• decimals (like 1.48 or 50.5)
• fractions (like 1/2 or 3/8)
• and more.

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1. The language of number
numbers are used for almost all other situations.
For example:
- Approximately 1800 children between the ages of five and 12 years
were randomly selected …
- The earth’s atmosphere appears to be gaining 3.3 billion metric tons
of carbon annually.

NOTE:
- The language of numbers can change by situations of phrase.
- There is no final “s” on hundred/thousand/million use with whole numbers:

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- There is no final “s” on hundred/thousand/million use with whole numbers:

For example:
- Six million people live there
- But: Thousands of people were forced to move from the area

These include the following:

• Measurements (e.g. 6 kg, 3 cm, 10 min, 2 hour, 3 days, 6 years, 5 decades)
• Currency (e.g. $10, £50, £60 billion)
• Statistical data, including survey data (e.g. A survey of participants revealed that 4
out of 5 students worked.)

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• Mathematical functions (e.g. v2 = u2 + 2as)
• Decimals (e.g. 2.5, 4.54)
• Percentages (e.g. 75%)
• Ratios (e.g. 3:1)
• Percentiles/quartiles (e.g. the 95th percentile, the 1st quartile)
• Times (e.g. 12.30 a.m., 6 p.m., 16:00)
• Dates (e.g. Wednesday 25 December 2019)
• Scores/points on a scale (e.g. This item scored 5 on a 9-point scale)

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https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/skills/numbers/
2. Percentages
These are commonly used for expressing degrees of change:
Since 2008 the number of prisoners has risen by 22 per cent.

 These are Complete the following sentences using the data in the table opposite.

20% per cent.

(a) Between 2007 and 2008, the number of overseas students increased by -------

6.66% per cent the following year.

(b) The number increased by --------

(c) Between 2007 and 2010 there was a 7.61%

-------- per cent increase. 7
3. Simplification
Simplification is an explanation that omits superfluous details and reduces complexity.

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/simplification 8
 Rewrite the following sentences using one of the words or phrases in the table above.

(a) Only three people attended the meeting.

Few people attended the meeting
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) 77 students applied for the scholarship.

scores of students applied for the scholarship.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) He re-wrote the essay three times.

He re-wrote the essay a few times.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(d) Last year 38 books were published on biogenetics.
last year dozens of books were published on biogenetics.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) Five names were suggested but rejected for the new chocolate bar.
various names were suggested but rejected for the new chocolate bar.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
(f) The students thought of four good topics for their project.
The students thought of a few good topic for their project.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Further numerical phrase

The expressions listed below can also be used to present and simplify statistical
information.
For example:
The course fees rose from $1200 to $2500 in two years.
could be written:
The course fees doubled in two years.

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11
NB.
5-20 per cent = a tiny/ small minority
21-39 per cent = a minority 40-49 per cent = a substantial/ significant minority
51-55 per cent = a small majority
56-79 per cent = a majority
80 per cent + = a large majority
 Re-write each sentence in a simpler way, using a suitable expression from the list above.

(a) In 1975 a liter of petrol cost 12p, while the price is now £1.20.
The price of petrol has increased tenfold since 1975.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Out of 18 students in the group 12 were women.
Two thirds of the students in the group were women.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c) The new high-speed train reduced the journey time to Madrid from seven hours to three hours 20 minutes.
The new high-speed train halved the journey time to Madrid.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(d) The number of students applying for the Psychology course has risen from 350 last year to 525 this year.
The number of students applying for the Psychology course has risen by 50 per cent.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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II. Problems and Solution
What does Problems and Solution mean?
Problem and Solution is a pattern of organization where information in a passage is expressed as a
dilemma or concerning issue (a problem) and something that was, can be, or should be done to remedy this
issue (solution or attempted solution).

https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/problem-and-solution/ 13
For example:

1. Structure

Arguments against
solution A
Solution A

Soluti
ons B
an dC

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https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/problem-and-solution/
 HOW CAN ROAD CONGESTION BE REDUCED?
Currently, roads are often congested, which is expensive in
terms of delays to the movement of people and freight. It is
commonly suggested that building more roads, or widening
existing ones, would ease the traffic jams. But not only is the
cost of such work high, but the construction process adds to
the congestion, while the resulting extra road space may
encourage extra traffic. Therefore constructing more roads is
unlikely to solve the problem, and other remedies, such as
road pricing or greater use of public transport, should be
examined.

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2. Alternative Structure

HOW CAN ROAD CONGESTION BE REDUCED?

Currently, roads are often congested, which is expensive in terms of delays to the
movement of people and freight. It is commonly suggested that building more
roads, or widening existing ones, would ease the traffic jams. This remedy is
criticised for being expensive and liable to lead to more road use, which may be
partly true, yet the alternatives are equally problematic. Road pricing has many
practical difficulties, while people are reluctant to use public transport. There is
little alternative to a road building programme except increasing road chaos.

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• Topic : University expansion
• Problem : Demand for university places is growing, leading to overcrowding in lectures and seminars
• Solution A: Increase fees to reduce demand
• Argument against A: Unfair to poorer students
• Solution B: Government pays to expand universities
• Argument against B: Unfair to average taxpayer who would be subsidising the education of a
minority who will earn high salaries
• Conclusion: Government should subsidise poorer students

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3. Vocabulary

The following words can be used as synonyms for problem and solution

three main difficulties have arisen . . . the best remedy for this may be . . .
the main challenge faced by nurses . . . two answers have been put forward . . .
one of the concerns during the another suggestion is . . .
recession . . . Matheson’s proposal was finally
the new process created two questions accepted.
the team faced six issues . . . this was finally rectified by . . .
our principal worry/ dilemma was . . .

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Reference :
- Academic Writing
-
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/problem-an
d-solution/
-
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/problem-an
d-solution/
- https://www.thefreedictionary.com/simplification

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ANY QUESTION?

Thank You! 22