Denim: Presented By:-Ashok Kumar Naresh Kumar

Denim
Presented By:-
Ashok Kumar
Naresh Kumar
1
Introduction
 Warp-faced twill fabric.
 Made from :-
Dyed Warp
Undyed Weft
 Traditionally, the warp yarn is Indigo dyed.
2
History
The term “Denim” comes from the city of Nimes in
France.
 The contemporary use comes from the French word

for Genoa, Italy (Gênes ).
Levi Strauss & Co. and his contribution.
American Fabrics magazine declared Denim as

world’s oldest fabrics in 1969.
3
Characteristics
 Long wearing.
 Hard wearing.
 Strong and Durable.
Creases easily.
4
Uses
In apparel In home furnishings

 jeans  Bedspreads
 skirts  slipcovers
 shorts  draperies
 light-weight jackets
and suits
 uniforms
 work-cloths sportswear
 caps
5
Some important types of Denims
 Cotton Serge or Organic Denim

The traditional denim is 100 percent cotton
serge.
 Raw Denim
Raw denim is dark, unwashed fabric that is stiff.
 Selvage Denim
The premium type of raw denim with tight
weaving and natural edges; more expensive than
other raw denim.
6
Stretch Denim
The blend which usually includes 2 or 3
percent Spandex material.
Bull Denim
Undyed fabric, soft to the touch, heavier, more
durable and long lasting.
Silk Denim
Blend of silk and denim gives the fabric- beauty,
softness and durability.
7
Spinning Process
Opening and Blending of cotton fibres.
Carding is done to remove any impurities and the short

fibres so that cotton takes the form of a web.
Then drawing process produces a single, uniform sliver

from a number of carded slivers.
8
Weaving
 The weaving process interlaces the warp, indigo

dyed yarn and the weft.
 They are twill weaved.
 The weft thread is inserted between two layers of
warp sheets
 Machine motions :
 1. Picking,
 2. Beating,
 3. warp let off,
 4. Fabric take-up
9
Finishing
After weaving, fabric goes for finishing
processes which includes-
Brushing and singeing
Dressing
Making up
10
Objective
 To study the processes of denim washing.

Sub-objective
 To study Chemical washes.
 To study Mechanical washes.
11
Denim Washing
 1. Chemical washes
Denim bleaching
Enzyme wash
Acid wash
 2. Mechanical washes
Stone wash
Sand blasting
12
Chemical washes
Denim bleach
Strong oxidative(KMnO4) bleaching agent is added.
Limitations
Difficult to control.
Cause severe environmental pollution.
Harmful to human health
13
Enzyme wash
It is environmentally friendly wash.
Use of cellulose making the seams, hems and pockets
more noticeable.
Salt pepper effect occurs.
Acid Wash
It is done in a solution of sodium hypochlorite or potassium
permanganate.
Limitations
Tendency to get yellow.
14
 Mechanical Wash
 Stone Wash
 Freshly dyed jeans are tumbled with pumice stones.
 Limitations
 Quality of the abrasion process is difficult to control.
 Outcome of a load of jeans is never uniform.
15
Stones used in Stone Washing
16
Sand blasting
 Based on blasting material in granular,

powdered or other form through a nozzle at very
high speed.
 It is a water free process therefore no drying

required.
17
Recent Developments
 Denim Processing & Finishing in

Environmentally Friendly way.
 Kurabo Earth Denim – Making easy Money

From Waste.
 New sulphur dyes to improve colour fastness

on denim.
18
Denim Brands
 Diesel
 Armani Jeans
 Levi Strauss & Co.
 Wrangler
 Spykar
 Flying Machine
19
Conclusions
 Enzyme washing are widely used.
 Environmentally friendly denims are

developing.
 Denims are long lasting fabric.
20
Methodology
 Qualitative research.
 Secondary data base.
 Study in Jodhpur.
21
References
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denim
 http://catalogs.indiamart.com/products/denim-fabric.html
 http://www.denverfabrics.com/pages/static/denim/denim.html
 http://www.designboom.com/eng/education/denim2.html

 http://www.indianyellowpages.com/india/manufacturers/d/denim.htm
 http://www.denim.in.th/

22
Thank You
23

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How is denim fabric traditionally made?

How is denim fabric traditionally made?

What are some important types of denims?

What are some important types of denims?

Denim

 Traditionally, the warp yarn is Indigo dyed.

 The contemporary use comes from the French word

Levi Strauss & Co. and his contribution.

American Fabrics magazine declared Denim as

 Strong and Durable.

In apparel In home furnishings

 Cotton Serge or Organic Denim

Opening and Blending of cotton fibres.

Carding is done to remove any impurities and the short

Then drawing process produces a single, uniform sliver

 The weaving process interlaces the warp, indigo

Brushing and singeing

 To study the processes of denim washing.

 Based on blasting material in granular,

 It is a water free process therefore no drying

 Denim Processing & Finishing in

 Kurabo Earth Denim – Making easy Money

 New sulphur dyes to improve colour fastness

 Enzyme washing are widely used.

 Environmentally friendly denims are

 Denims are long lasting fabric.

 Secondary data base.

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