Welcome to our presentation

First of all, let me Thank all of you for coming

here today

In our presentation, We will discuss

DATABASE
APPROACH
Clarity:

In order to remove all limitations of the File Based Approach, a new approach
was required that must be more effective known as Database approach.
A Database is a computer based record keeping system whose over all
purpose is to record and maintain information. It is a single, large repository of
data, which can be used simultaneously by many departments and users.
The Database is no longer owned by one department but is a shared
corporate resource. It holds not only the organization’s operational data but also
a description of this data. For this reason, a database is also defined as a self-
describing collection of integrated records.
The description of the data is known as the Data Dictionary or Meta
Data
Components of Database:

• The First component of the database approach is the DBMS. DBMS is a software
system used to store, retrieve, and run queries on data. A DBMS serves as an
interface between an end-user and a database, allowing users to create, read, update,
and delete data in the database.

• The Second Component in the database approach is the Data. Raw facts and figures are
known as Data. It is stored in database and interacted through DBMS.

• The Final Component of the database approach is the Application, also called "front end"
software. Application software, or app for short, is software that performs specific
tasks for an end-user
 Structured Query Language (SQL).

SQL is a standardized programming language that's used to manage relational

databases and perform various operations on the data in them. is used to
communicate with a database. According to ANSI (American National
Standards Institute), it is the standard language for relational database
management systems.
If you want to understand about database then you should know that what are
the advantages and disadvantages of the database or DBMS, Let's Discuss

Advantages:

Redundancy Control:
Redundancy means having multiple copies of same data in the database.

Data Consistency:
Data consistency is the process of keeping information uniform as it moves across a
network and between various applications on a computer.
Data Security:
Database security refers to the range of tools,
controls, and measures designed to establish and
preserve database confidentiality, integrity, and
availability. 

Consistency Constraints:
Consistency (or Correctness) in database systems refers to the requirement that any
given database transaction must change affected data only in allowed way

Compactness:
The compaction operation is a way to reduce disk space usage by removing
unused and old data from database
Data Sharing:
Once data is developed, it can be used by several users in the organization, The database
can be also be shared by different applications. If the new application requires the same data, It
can share the existing database instead of developing it again.

Data Independence:
The database approach provides the facility of data independence. It means that the data
and the application programs are separate from each other. It is possible to change data storage
structures and operations without changing the application program.

Data Atomicity:
Atomicity means that multiple operations can be grouped into a single logical entity.
Multiple operations should take place at once or none of them take place.
Reduced Development Time:
A database organizes data more efficiently than a file processing system. It is
often easier and faster to develop programs that use this data. many database
management systems provide several tools to assist program development

Improved Backup and Privacy:

The Database approach provides facilities to minimize the amount of processing
that can be lost due to a failure. In file-based system it was the responsibility of the
user to protect the data from failures

Disadvantages of Database Approach

High Cost of DBMS:

Complete database management is a very large and sophisticated
software. It is expensive to purchase database management software.
Higher Hardware Cost:
Database users require a high-speed processor and huge memory size to use the database on
the DBMS. Sometimes, users require costly machines for maintaining databases

Higher programming cost:

DBMS is Complex Software with many features. The programmers need a thorough knowledge
of the system to use it to the best advantage. They have to pay extra costs for this expertise.

More Chance of Failure:

In a database management system, all resources and components are centralized. If any of
these components fail, the whole system stops.

Complexity and performance:

The database Management system is general-purpose software. A complete DBMS has to
perform many tasks that make it complex and complicated.
 Database Approach vs File Processing System
File System DBMS

The file system provides the details of data DBMS gives an abstract view of data that
representation and storage of data. hides the details

DBMS is efficient to use as there are a wide

Storing and retrieving of data can’t be done
variety of methods to store and retrieve
efficiently in a file system.
data.

There is a backup recovery for data in

It does not offer data recovery processes.
DBMS.
The file system doesn’t have a crash
DBMS provides a crash recovery mechanism
recovery mechanism.

Protecting a file system is very difficult. DBMS offers good protection mechanism.

In a file management system, the The redundancy of data is low in the DBMS
redundancy of data is greater. system.
Data inconsistency is higher in the file Data inconsistency is low in a database
system. management system.
Database Management System offers high
The file system offers lesser security.
security.
Hold Us In Your High
Regard
Adeel 10527 Hassan 10552

Haseeb 10525
THANKS!