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Introduction To Relation01

This document discusses relations between sets and properties of relations. It defines binary relations as subsets of ordered pairs between two sets and provides examples of relations. It also covers reflexive, symmetric, anti-symmetric and transitive properties of relations.

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Cieto Mercado
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24 views

Introduction To Relation01

This document discusses relations between sets and properties of relations. It defines binary relations as subsets of ordered pairs between two sets and provides examples of relations. It also covers reflexive, symmetric, anti-symmetric and transitive properties of relations.

Uploaded by

Cieto Mercado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Relation

Introduction
• Relationships between elements of sets are represented using the
structure called “RELATION.”
• Relationship between a program and its variables….
• Pairs of cities linked by airline flights in a network….
Relation
• The most direct way to express a relationship between elements of
two sets is to use ordered pairs.
• For this reason, sets of ordered pairs are called binary relations.

• Definition:
• Let A and B be sets. A binary relation from A to B is a subset R of
A x B = { (a,b) : a ϵ A, b ϵ B }
Relation
• In other words, for a binary relation R, we have
R AXB. We use the notation aRb to denote that (a,b) ϵ R and aRb
To denote that (a,b) ϵ R

When (a,b) belongs to R, a is said to be related to b by R.


Relations
• Let A and B be sets. A binary relation from A to B is a subset of A X B

• Essentially, a binary relation is a set R of ordered pairs where the first


element of each ordered pair comes from A, and the second element
comes from B.
• Let A = {1,2,3} and B = {a, b, c}
• Then R = {(1, a), (1,b), (2,b), (2,c), (3,a)} is a relation from A to B.

1 a 1Ra
2 b 1Rc
3 c
Recall that a FUNCTION is a relation where each element of B is
mapped to by only one element of A.
Examples
• If Adam takes Discrete Math, Programming and Nutrition, and Kevin
takes Discrete Math and Composition, give the relation from A to B, if
A = {Adam, Kevin} and B = {Discrete Math, Programming, Nutrition,
Composition}
Binary Relation on a set
• A binary relation on a set is a subset of A x A, or a relation from set A
onto itself.

• If A = {1,2,3,4}, then list the ordered pairs in set R if


R = {(a,b) | a divides b}
Examples
• How many relations are there from set A to itself?
Examples
• Consider the relations below. Which contain (1,1), (1,3), (2,4) and
(2,1)?

• R1 = {(a,b) | a=b}
• R2 = {(a,b) | a<=b}
• R3 = {(a,b) | a>b}
• R4 = {(a,b) | a+b<=3}
Properties of Relations
• Reflexive Relations
A relation R is reflexive iff (a,a) ϵ R for every a ϵ A
Tell whether the ff relations are reflexive.
• R1 = {(a,b) | a=b}
• R2 = {(a,b) | a<=b}
• R3 = {(a,b) | a>b}
• R4 = {(a,b) | a+b<=3}
Properties of Relations
• Symmetric Relations
A relation R is reflexive iff (b,a) ϵ R whenever (a,b) ϵ R
Tell whether the ff relations are symmetric.
• R1 = {(a,b) | a=b}
• R2 = {(a,b) | a<=b}
• R3 = {(a,b) | a>b}
• R4 = {(a,b) | a+b<=3}
Properties of Relations
• Anti-symmetric Relations
A relation R on a set A is anti-symmetric if Ɣ a,b ϵ A if (a,b) ϵ R and
(b,a) ϵ R, then a=b
Tell whether the ff relations are symmetric.
• R1 = {(a,b) | a=b}
• R2 = {(a,b) | a<=b}
• R3 = {(a,b) | a>b}
• R4 = {(a,b) | a+b<=3}
Properties of Relations
• Transitive Relations
A relation R on a set A is Transitive if whenever (a,b) ϵ R and (b,c) ϵ
R, then (a,c) ϵ R ….. Ɣa,b,c ϵ R
Tell whether the ff relations are symmetric.
• R1 = {(a,b) | a=b}
• R2 = {(a,b) | a<=b}
• R3 = {(a,b) | a>b}
• R4 = {(a,b) | a+b<=3}
Relations
n-ary Relations and Their Applications
Representing Relations

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