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HMC Basic

Horizontal machining centers (HMCs) allow for uninterrupted production by allowing chips to fall away easily and incorporating a two-pallet work changer for increased efficiency. HMCs have heavier builds than vertical machining centers for increased rigidity. They have automated tool changers and pallet systems to reduce downtime between parts. G-code and M-code are used to program the machine motions and functions. Major HMC manufacturers include Makino, Mazak, Mori Seiki, and others from Japan as well as DMG, Heller, and Haas.

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1K views14 pages

HMC Basic

Horizontal machining centers (HMCs) allow for uninterrupted production by allowing chips to fall away easily and incorporating a two-pallet work changer for increased efficiency. HMCs have heavier builds than vertical machining centers for increased rigidity. They have automated tool changers and pallet systems to reduce downtime between parts. G-code and M-code are used to program the machine motions and functions. Major HMC manufacturers include Makino, Mazak, Mori Seiki, and others from Japan as well as DMG, Heller, and Haas.

Uploaded by

Shashank
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HORIZONTAL MACHINING CENTER

A horizontal machining center (HMC) is a machining center with its spindle in a horizontal
orientation. This machining center design favors uninterrupted production work. One reason for
this is that the horizontal orientation encourages chips to fall away, so they don’t have to be
cleared from the table. More significantly, the horizontal design allows a two-pallet work
changer to be incorporated into a space-efficient machine. To save time, work can be loaded on
one pallet of a horizontal machining center while machining occurs on the other pallet .
Machine tools have been around for hundreds of years, beginning with the first manually-
controlled machines. They gained rapid popularity during the industrial revolution, but it wasn’t
until later, towards the mid-to-late-20th century, that CNC machines started to become
commonplace. CNC technology was well suited to work with vertical machines, which helped
them gain popularity in the manufacturing world. Horizontal CNC machines were introduced
soon after, evolving from horizontal boring machines, but their high price tag kept people from
investing in horizontals over verticals. In the past, horizontals might have been considered too
complicated, too expensive, or not worth the switch. Today, however, that notion has completely
changed.
• Operations such as milling, drilling, tapping, boring, profiling etc. can be performed by
indexing the rotary table to the desired angle. The standard rotary tables available as can have
continuous indexing or one degree or five degree or 90 deg indexing as desired by the customer.
Additional rotary axis can also be mounted on the table to enhance machining capability.
HMC’s are also available with swing type or shuttle type pallet changers depending on the table
size. Generally smaller machines up to 800 mm table size are available with swing type
changer. Larger sizes of 1000mm and above utilize shuttle type arrangement. Automatic tool
changers of different capacities facilitate accommodation of various tools required for above
mentioned operations.
• HMCs are built for rigidity, so they tend to be much heavier than VMCs of the same size. (The
average 40-by-20-inch VMC might weigh 7257 KG, whereas an HMC of the same size might
weigh more than 18143 KG.) Because of the greater weight of an HMC, the foundation for this
type of machine is more critical than for a VMC. The foundation must meet the HMC builder’s
specification, and the machine must be properly placed and tied down. This prevents the
machine from “bouncing around” during heavy cuts.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE:
The Spindle works according to program is set by the operator or
Programmer.

Made with High Quality Casting Iron with coordinate


X.Y.Z (3 Axis) traveling column design, stability
and accuracy machine’s body structure to
quickly and completely corresponds
to the automation, and makes the
process more efficient.
This part is called as Auto tools changer. It select
the tools and change the tools according to
coding .

This part for higher tools storing like 60,90,120


and 180 many more to match various application
machines are capable to have more than 600 rpm
spindle
• CNC axes directions always follow a convention, and all CNC machine
manufacturers follow this convention. Here is the convention for HMCs.
• The drilling motion on machine will be along the Z axis, and on another it will be
the X or Y axis.
• The spindle is ALWAYS the Z axis.
• Rotary axes about X, Y and Z are called A, B and C respectively.
• Coolant
• Coolant-thru spindle provide high pressure coolant
• at the cutting edge to increase machining precision
• and cutting rate, to minimize overheating and work-
• piece distortion, and to allow cutting tools to provide
• faster metal removal by chip evacuation during the
• machining process, and prolong service life of the
• cutting tools.

• Automatic Lubrication System


• Each one has detective piston with pressure sensor switch which could
• send status signals during operation or intermittent time. So if any pipes
• blockage problems caused by dust, the distributor will send the alarm
• message to the PLC and notify the user for emergency measures.
Pallet
• A pallet is a movable & interchangeable part of a machine tool which helps to transport raw or finished parts from the machine in
order reduce downtime for part loading/unloading. There are three main types of pallet changers in most CNC machine tools –
manual, automated and robotic.
• There are Three types of Pallets

Manual pallet systems:


 The operator has to physically load and unload the pallet, with the raw / finished part, to / from a docking station located & mounted
on top of the machine table. Of the three options, this is the most laborious and least automated version. However, you can still
achieve a reduction of downtime with this system.

Automated pallet systems:


 These are normally built-into the machine and operated automatically by the machine itself. The human intervention comes from the
loading and unloading of parts at the pallet station.

Robotic pallet systems:


 These usually utilize a robot to load and unload pallets. The robot is often able to serve one to multiple machines. However, these are
fairly costly and may not be pragmatic in cost-sensitive markets. Over time, the state of constantly improving technology may make
such systems increasingly cost-effective. Such systems are often sought in locations with high labour costs or insufficient skilled
manpower. Difficulties for such systems may arise whenever customized and very specific manufacturing needs are required.
• G – codes & M – codes
• G-code is a software programming language used to control a HMC machine. And, even with complex HMC
machining, G-code is written in a straightforward, logical way. A “G” is followed by a number, which is a
command to change geometry. For instance, “G00” is a command for rapid movement. It moves the tool to part
geometry at the maximum rate and is generally used to move the tool and part from near to far or vice versa. Here
are some examples of G-code:G00: Rapid move to specific coordinate positionG01: Linear feed moveG02/G03:
Clockwise/counterclockwise feed move These codes, such as G00, are followed by a geometric location. The
geometry is conveyed with coordinates on axes, so an “X” coordinate and a “Y” coordinate on a plane.
• M-code controls miscellaneous functions, and typically these can be thought of as non-geometry machine
functions. Examples include spindle rotation start and stop, coolant on and off, pallet change, etc. Some of these
functions may vary by the specific machine. Here are some examples of M-code:M00: Stop whatever function the
program is currently doingM03: Rotate spindle clockwiseM08/M09: Flood coolant on/off Similar to G-code, M-
code consists of an “M” and a number. Unlike G-code, however, M-code can be more specific for different
machines and is more customizable. Both types are needed to have a CNC machine perform its functions.
• Manufactures of HMC
• IN

• INDIA
• BFW, Jyoti, LMW,ACE are some of the HMC manufacturers
• Other Countries
• HMC’s from Makino, Mazak, Mori Seiki, Okuma, NTC etc from Japan, DMG, Heller from
Germany, Haas from USA, Daewoo, Doosan Hyundai from Korea and many manufacturers
from Taiwan and are also widely being used by Indian customers for component manufacturing.

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