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    Biomechanical Analysis of Supine To Sit

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    sonali tushamer
    This document analyzes the biomechanics of moving from a supine to sitting position. It describes the movement in adults as involving head flexion, shoulder flexion, and hip extension and flexion. The sit up involves concurrent trunk and hip muscle activation in two phases: trunk flexion and then hip flexion. It also examines variations in rising from bed seen in elderly populations, including rolling to the side or using multiple arm pushes. Movement patterns in individuals with hemiparesis are also discussed. Key muscles involved in each movement phase are identified.

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    Biomechanical Analysis of Supine To Sit

    Uploaded by

    sonali tushamer
    996 views21 pages
    This document analyzes the biomechanics of moving from a supine to sitting position. It describes the movement in adults as involving head flexion, shoulder flexion, and hip extension and flexion. The sit up involves concurrent trunk and hip muscle activation in two phases: trunk flexion and then hip flexion. It also examines variations in rising from bed seen in elderly populations, including rolling to the side or using multiple arm pushes. Movement patterns in individuals with hemiparesis are also discussed. Key muscles involved in each movement phase are identified.

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    Biomechanical analysis of Supine to sit

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    This document analyzes the biomechanics of moving from a supine to sitting position. It describes the movement in adults as involving head flexion, shoulder flexion, and hip extension and flexion. The sit up involves concurrent trunk and hip muscle activation in two phases: trunk flexion and then hip flexion. It also examines variations in rising from bed seen in elderly populations, including rolling to the side or using multiple arm pushes. Movement patterns in individuals with hemiparesis are also discussed. Key muscles involved in each movement phase are identified.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    996 views21 pages

    Biomechanical Analysis of Supine To Sit

    Uploaded by

    sonali tushamer
    This document analyzes the biomechanics of moving from a supine to sitting position. It describes the movement in adults as involving head flexion, shoulder flexion, and hip extension and flexion. The sit up involves concurrent trunk and hip muscle activation in two phases: trunk flexion and then hip flexion. It also examines variations in rising from bed seen in elderly populations, including rolling to the side or using multiple arm pushes. Movement patterns in individuals with hemiparesis are also discussed. Key muscles involved in each movement phase are identified.

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    BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS:

    SUPINE TO SIT
    By Sonali Tushamer
    MPT 2nd Sem.
    Developmental Process
    Adults
     Head flexion: The head moved
    from a neutral position to
    about 50° flexion in the early
    phase of sitting up.
     Shoulder flexion: The right
    shoulder moved in the flexion
    direction in the early phase of
    sitting up.
     Hip movement : The right hip
    moved slightly in the direction
    of extension and then moved
    in the direction of flexion.
    Sit up
     Concurrent activation of both the trunk and hip muscles.
     Two phases : A full sit-up performed in a bent-knee position
     The trunk flexion phase : rising from floor to when both scapulae are raised
    off.
     Flexion of trunk done primarily by contraction of the abdominal muscles,
    most notably the rectus abdominis.
     About a medial-lateral axis of rotation estimated near the thoracolumbar
    junction.
     Typically accompanied by a posterior (tilt) rotation of the pelvis - flattening
    the lumbar spine.
     Hip flexor muscles is relatively low, regardless of the position of the hips
    and knees.
     Partially flexing the hips before - releases the passive tension in the hip
    flexor muscles while simultaneously increasing the passive tension in the
    gluteus maximus - may assist the abdominal muscles in maintaining a
    posteriorly tilted pelvis.
     The latissimus dorsi, by passing anterior to the upper thoracic spine,
    may assist in flexing this region of the thorax.
     Additionally, the sternal head of the pectoralis major may assist in
    advancing the upper extremities toward the pelvis.
     The later hip flexion phase - additional 70 to 90 degrees of combined
    lumbar flexion and pelvic-on-femoral (hip) flexion
     Stronger active contraction of the hip flexor muscles, from a proximal to
    distal direction.
     The axis of rotation during this phase ultimately shifts to the hip joints.
     Majorly - the iliacus and rectus femoris: and iliacus, sartorius, and rectus
    femoris are significantly greater when the legs are actively held fixed to
    the supporting surface.
     This stabilizing action for heel produced by relatively modest activation
    of the biceps femoris— and moderate activation of the gastrocnemius
     Eccentric activation of hamstring muscles - given that the pelvis is
    simultaneously rotating in the direction of hip flexion.
     the abdominal muscles may continue to contract strongly or remain
    nearly isometrically active through the completion of the sit-up. Their
    activation, however, does not contribute to hip (pelvic-on-femoral)
    flexion; rather, these muscles hold the flexed thoracolumbar region
    firmly against the anteriorly rotating pelvis.
    Supine to Stand: Mat
     Body action was divided into three components:
    1. The upper extremities(UEs),
    2. The axial (head-trunk) region,
    3. The lower extremities (LEs)
     The most common profile in rising was characterized by symmetry of
    movement within each component.
     These subjects pushed symmetrically with the UEs as they flexed their
    heads and trunks symmetrically forward and flexed their LEs assuming a
    symmetrical squat pattern.
     Extension of the LEs and axial region brought the body to erect stance as
    the UEs were lifted from the support surface
    • Another eight subjects differed from this symmetrical profile only in LE
    action.
    • These individuals either demonstrated an asymmetrical squat or lost their
    balance when attempting to rise from a symmetrical squatting position,
    which resulted in a stepping action

    • Four subjects rose by flexing and rotating their trunk to one side, while
    pushing with one UE and reaching with the other.
    • The LEs moved through a half-kneeling pattern in assuming the standing
    position.
    Supine to sit: Bed (seen in elderly)
    • Forty-two subjects each performed 5 trials of getting out of bed for a total
    of 210 trials.
    • Describe the movements of the head and trunk, the near arm, far arm and
    legs
    • Come to sit - During the initial stage of movement (initial 20° of
    movement), the head and trunk flex symmetrically by pivoting on both
    buttocks. After the initial stage of movement, the head and trunk may or
    may not rotate toward the side-facing position, while the trunk flexes and
    comes to the sitting position
    • The most frequent movement pattern used:
    1. Roll off for the trunk
    2. Double push for the far arm
    3. Multi - push for the near arm
    4. Synchronous for the legs
    1. Roll off for the trunk
    • Roll off - During the initial stage of movement (initial 20° of movement),
    the head and trunk flex and rotate toward the side-facing position with
    the weight shifted to one buttock.
    • After the initial stage of movement, the pelvis may drop to a level position
    while the trunk flexes and comes to the sitting position.
    • “Roll-off” is more common than “come to sit” for people ages 60-90
    suggests that there is a developmental regression more likely to laterally
    flex and rotate the trunk (roll-off), leaning on the elbow to broaden their
    base of support
    Why ? Two possible reason
    1. older individuals may have
    decreased abdominal
    strength for performing the
    come to sit, and may be able
    to substitute other muscles
    when using the roll-off;
    2. older individuals may have
    decreased postural stability
    or increased fear of falling,
    and the roll-off strategy
    allowed them to keep an
    elbow on the mat ad
    maintain a larger base of
    support than the come to sit
    strategy
    2. Double push for the far arm - The arm either lifts toward the head of the
    bed and pushes or pushes into the bed without lifting. The arm extends
    until the hand or elbow is the only part of the limb remaining on the bed.
    The hand or elbow lifts. The hand is placed on the bed, usually near the
    edge, and pushes to stand.
    3. Multi-push for the near arm- The arm pushes from the original position
    into the bed. The hand then pushes more than one time at various
    points on the near side of the body. The hand is lifted and placed on the
    edge of the bed. The hand may or may not push to stand
    4. Synchronous for the legs - The legs are simultaneously lifted or slid out of
    the bed. The thighs move parallel out of the bed and both feet reach the
    floor simultaneously.
    Supine to sit: Hemiparesis
    References
    • Kleim, J., & Jones, T. Neuroplasticity.
    • Kotake, T., Dohi, N., Kajiwara, T., Sumi, N., Koyama, Y., & Miura, T. (1993).
    An analysis of sit-to-stand movements. Archives of physical medicine and
    rehabilitation, 74(10), 1095-1099.
    • Mount, J., Kresge, L., Klaus, G., Mann, L., & Palomba, C. (2006). Movement
    patterns used by the elderly when getting out of bed. Physical &
    Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 24(3), 27-43.
    • VanSant, A. F. (1988). Rising from a supine position to erect stance:
    description of adult movement and a developmental hypothesis. Physical
    Therapy, 68(2), 185-192.
    • Donald A. Neumann - KINESIOLOGY of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
    foundations fo rehabilitation third edition

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