HISTORY OF

CARPENTRY

LETRAN, MERNA C.
 OBJECTIVES:
 Define carpentry
 Identify the history of carpentry;
 Enumerate the different tools in carpentry;
 Appreciate the importance carpentry; and
 Apply the uses of the tools and equipment in your daily living.  
 THE HISTORY OF CARPENTRY

CARPENTRY
- art and trade
- structural timberwork in framing
 The History of Carpentry Dates Back to 4,000 B.C.

• Stone Age
• Egyptians
• Early Chinese civilizations
• The Vikings
• Charlemagne’s Revolutionary
• Northern Europe
 Jesus was the Son of a Carpenter

• Noah built an Ark

• Jesus was the son of a carpenter 
• Palace of King David
 Carpentry is Still a Vital Skilled Trade
Today
• work indoors and outdoors
• constantly evolving and improving trade
 IMPORTANCE OF CARPENTRY

• Blue Collar Jobs

• Touches everyone’s lives everyday
• Formation of our society
• Carpenter is almost indispensable
THE TOOLS AND THEIR
CLASSIFICATION
Measuring Tool
Pull-push-rule - A push pull rule is a measuring tape that coils into a compact case. It is used
for measuring long, short, straight lengths.
 Steel Tape Measure - A steel tape measure is one of the most important tools used in
construction, because it can allow you to make measurements while you’re on the job site. And
because of its compact design, you can carry it in your pocket or any place where it can be
conveniently accessed. 
 Foot rule – is a measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight
edge that is used for drawing straight.
 2 Foot folding rule –Folding rules, sometimes called zigzag rules or jointed rules, are a series
of two or more smaller rule strips joined with hinges. These rules can be folded together to be
carried easily, or used in confined spaces. They can also be folded out and used to measure
longer distances or take measurements that are further away and difficult to reach.
Driving Tool
 Claw hammer - A claw hammer is a tool primarily used for driving nails into, or pulling nails
from, some other object. Generally, a claw hammer is associated with woodworking but is not
limited to use with wood products.
 Sledge Hammer - A sledgehammer is a tool with a large, flat, often metal head, attached to a
long handle. The long handle combined with a heavy head allows the sledgehammer to gather
momentum during a swing and apply a large force compared to hammers designed to drive
nails.
 Mallet - A mallet is a kind of hammer, often made of rubber or sometimes wood, that is smaller
than a maul or beetle, and usually has a relatively large head.
 Ball peen hammer - A ball-peen or ballpeen hammer, also known as a machinist's hammer, is
a type of peening hammer used in metalworking. It has two heads, one flat and the other, called
the peen, rounded.
 Screw Drivers – is a tool, usually hand-operated, for turning screws with slotted heads. For
screws with one straight diametral slot cut across the head, standard screwdrivers with flat
blade tips and in a variety of sizes are used.
 Philips Screwdriver – A Phillips screwdriver has a head with pointed edges in the shape of a
cross, which fit neatly into the cross slots of a Phillips screw.
 Slotted/ Standard/Flat Screwdriver – The tool used to drive a slotted screw head is called
standard, common blade, flat-blade, slot-head, straight, flat, flat-tip, or "flat-head" screwdriver.
 Nail Set - is a small tool that allows you to hammer the finish nail flush to the surface, while
keeping the hammerhead a safe distance away from the wood. The pointed end is round
enough to fit in the head of a finish nail.
Tooth Cutting Tool
◦ Cross-cut-saw - A crosscut saw is any saw designed for cutting wood perpendicular to the
wood grain. Crosscut saws may be small or large, with small teeth close together for fine work
like woodworking or large for coarse work like log bucking, and can be a hand tool or power
tool.
◦ Ripsaw - A rip saw is a wood saw that is specially designed for making a rip cut, a cut made
parallel to the direction of the wood grain. 
 Hack saw - is a fine-toothed saw, originally and mainly made for cutting metal. The equivalent
saw for cutting wood is usually called bow saw. Most hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped
walking frame that holds a blade under tension.
◦ Jig saw – A jigsaw is a saw which uses a reciprocating blade to cut irregular curves, such as
stenciled designs, in wood, metal, or other materials. Today they are electrically powered and
known as scroll saws, and have been largely displaced by portable power jigsaws.
◦ Chain Saw – A chainsaw is a portable, mechanical saw which cuts with a set of teeth attached
to a rotating chain that runs along a guide bar. It is used in activities such as tree felling, limbing,
bucking, pruning, cutting firebreaks in wildland fire suppression and harvesting of firewood.
Testing Tool
◦ Plumb-bob - A plumb bob, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom,
suspended from a string and used as a vertical reference line, or plumb-line. It is a precursor to
the spirit level and used to establish a vertical or horizontal datum
◦ Try square - A try- square is a woodworking tool used for marking and measuring a square
piece of wood. The square refers to the tool's primary use of measuring the accuracy of a right
angle; to try a surface is to check its straightness or correspondence to an adjoining surface.
◦ Spirit Level – A spirit level, bubble level or simply a level is an instrument designed to indicate
whether a surface is horizontal or vertical.
◦ Level Hose – The water level at each end of the tube will be at the same elevation, whether the
two ends are adjacent or far apart.
◦ Sliding T-Bevel – A sliding T bevel, also known as a bevel gauge or false square is an
adjustable gauge for setting and transferring angles. The handle is usually made of wood or
plastic and is connected to a metal blade with a thumbscrew or wing nut.
◦ Framing Square or Steel Square - The steel square is a tool used in carpentry. Carpenters
use various tools to lay out structures that are square, many of which are made of steel, but the
name steel square refers to a specific long-armed square that has additional uses for
measurement, especially of various angles.
Holding Tool
◦ Bench Vise or workbench vice/vise - In particular, attach directly to a workbench to hold the
work piece during operations such as sawing, planing, and drilling. 
◦ Machinist Vise – A machine vise — a mechanical device designed to hold workpieces still
during machining operations — can function as manual components or as a machining device.
◦ C clamp – is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal work piece,
and used to carpentry and welding.
◦ Bar clamp - A bar clamp features a long, metal bar and is designed to withstand the pressure of
holding large and heavy work pieces. It is capable of heavy-duty clamping due to the strength of
the bar, which is made from steel. The length of the bar means the clamp can easily hold long
or wide work pieces in its jaws.
◦ Long Nose is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of electronic component or
connecting wires.

◦ Side Cutter is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab or turn anything, but are
used to cut wires.
◦ Slip joint pliers are pliers whose pivot point or fulcrum can be moved to increase the size
range of their jaws. Most slip joint pliers use a mechanism that allows sliding the pivot point into
one of several positions when the pliers are fully opened. 
◦ Combination pliers are heavy-duty, side-cutting pliers, also known as lineman pliers or side
cutters, which are designed for all regular wire-cutting needs. They have gripping jaws, a cutting
edge, and insulating handle grips that reduce (but don't eliminate) the risk of electric shock from
contact with live wires.
Marking Tool
◦ Pencil - A pencil is an implement for writing or drawing, constructed of a narrow, solid pigment
core in a protective casing that prevents the core from being broken and/or marking the user's
hand. 
◦ Marking Knife - A marking gauge, also known as a scratch gauge, is used in woodworking and
metalworking to mark out lines for cutting or other operations. The purpose of the gauge is to
scribe a line parallel to a reference edge or surface. It is used in joinery and sheetmetal
operations.
◦ Chalk line - A chalk line or chalk box is a tool for marking long, straight lines on relatively flat
surfaces, much farther than is practical by hand or with a straightedge. They may be used to lay
out straight lines between two points or vertical lines by using the weight of the line reel as a
plumb line. 
◦ Dividers - are one of the earliest and most basic types of mathematical instrument. In their
simplest form, dividers consist of a jointed pair of legs, each with a sharp point. They can be
used for geometrical operations such as scribing circles but also for taking off and transferring
dimensions.
◦ Compass - A compass, also known as a pair of compasses, is a technical drawing instrument
that can be used for inscribing circles or arcs. They can also be used
for mathematics, drafting, navigation and other purposes.
◦ Scratch awl - A scratch awl is a woodworking layout and point-making tool. It is used to scribe
a line to be followed by a hand saw or chisel when making woodworking joints and other
operations. The scratch awl is basically a steel spike with its tip sharpened to a fine point.
Power Tool
◦ Electric drill – A power drill is ◦ Electric Grinder – An angle grinder, also
an electrical motor that rotates a known as a side grinder or disc grinder, is
replaceable drill bit to make a hole in a handheld power tool used for grinding
wood, plastic, or metal. Alternately, a and polishing. Although developed
screwdriver tip can be installed to turn originally as tools for rigid abrasive discs,
screws. the availability of an interchangeable
power source has encouraged their use
with a wide variety of cutters and
attachments.
◦ Router – A router is a hand tool or power ◦ Electric Sander - A sander is a power tool
tool that routs an area in hard material, used to smooth surfaces by abrasion with
such as wood or plastic. Routers are sandpaper. Sanders have a means to
mainly used in woodworking, especially attach the sandpaper and a mechanism to
cabinetry. Usually they're handheld or move it rapidly contained within a housing
fastened, with the cutting end up, in router with means to hand-hold it or fix it to a
tables. The hand tool type of router is the workbench. 
original form.
◦ Electric Planer – A thickness planer is a
woodworking machine to trim boards to a
consistent thickness throughout their
length and flat on both surfaces.
Miscellaneous Tool
◦ Drill bit – Drill bits are cutting tools used ◦ Paint Brush – A paintbrush is a brush
to remove material to create holes, almost used to apply paint or sometimes ink. A
always of circular section. Drill bits come paintbrush is usually made by clamping
in many sizes and shapes and can create the bristles to a handle with a ferrule. They
different kinds of holes in many different are available in various sizes, shapes, and
materials. materials. Thicker ones are used for filling
in, and thinner ones are used for details.
◦ Files - A file is a tool used to remove fine ◦ Chisel - A chisel is a tool with a
amounts of material from a workpiece. characteristically shaped cutting edge of
Most are hand tools, made of a case blade on its end, for carving or cutting a
hardened steel bar of rectangular, square, hard material such as wood, stone, or
triangular, or round cross-section, with metal by hand, struck with a mallet, or
one or more surfaces cut with sharp, mechanical power. The handle and blade
generally parallel teeth. of some types of chisel are made of metal
or of wood with a sharp edge in it. 
◦ Crow Bar - A crowbar is a metal tool used
mainly to pry things open. It is usually
hook shaped. Crowbars can be used as
any of the three lever classes but the
curved end is usually used as a first-class
lever, and the flat end as a second class
lever.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

a. Goggles - used to protect the eyes against flying debris and harmful liquids.
b. Ear Protector - used to protect the ears against high frequency noise.
c. Face Mask - used to prevent the inhalation of sprayed paint fumes.
d. Gloves - used to protect the hands while working.
e. Apron - used to protect the worker against flying debris
f. Safety Shoes – Safety boots are shoes made with a protective reinforcement at the front
making them quite durable. The reinforcement helps to protect the toes from falling objects or
any kind of compression. They are normally installed with a sole plate in the main sole to
prevent against punctures that may come from below.
g. Coverall – a piece of clothing that covers both the upper and lower parts of the body and
is worn especially over other clothes to protect them
h. Hard Head Helmet – A hard hat is a type of helmet predominantly used in workplace
environments such as industrial or construction sites to protect the head from injury due to falling
objects, impact with other objects, debris, rain, and electric shock. 
◦ 
REQUEST, RECEIVE AND
INSPECT DRAFTING
MATERIALS AND
TOOLS/DRAWING
INSTRUMENTS
• Every employee needs basic equipment necessary
to help them do well in their job. When your
employees request items for purchase, you should
validate with their manager. Once validated, you
will then order their requests. But, imagine if they
must come to you every time they need to buy
equipment. You will be overwhelmed with an
excessive amount of request.
 ACQUIRE AND INSPECT MATERIALS/TOOLS
1.Check if the materials and tools are complete in terms of quantity and specification
(number of pieces, length, width, etc.)
2.Check the physical condition of tools, (check tools against the specification,
quantity, and quality,) see to it that parts are complete, cutting edges or tooth free
from damages,
3.Check the accessories of each material and tool. See to it that nothing is missing.
If any of the materials or tools is found missing or defective, report it immediately
to the supply officer or teacher. If any of the materials or tools is found missing or
defective, report it immediately to the supply officer or teacher.
4.Get a replacement for the materials and tools found defective.
5.Sign the requisition form as you receive materials and tools.
6.Store the received materials and tools in a safe area or store
room nearest your workplace. (store materials, in proper order,
bulky and heavier materials at the bottom lighter and smaller
items on top of the pile)
7.Always handle the materials and tools carefully. (avoid
dropping the tools on the floor, do not expose tools and materials
on sunlight or rains).
FLOW CHART IN RECEIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT,
SUPPLIES, AND MATERIALS IN THE SHOP
• QUALITY INSPECTION AND PROCEDURE:

• The act which involves monitoring, observing or

testing, usually involving product sampling, to insure
compliance with the requirements is known as quality
inspection. It includes activities such as collecting data
from an item or items to ensure quality and preciseness.
Delivered or issued items should be properly inspected
for accuracy in terms of quality, specifications, quantity,
and functionality or workability.
 PROCEDURE IN ACCOMPLISHING A
REQUISITION FORM
Procedure:
1. State the name of the project and date when you requested for materials.
2. Fill in the classification of the project and its purpose.
3. Write the number of required materials.
4. List the unit of materials to be requisitioned.
5. Enumerate the materials with their description.
6. List the cost per unit and the total cost.
7. Write your name as requisitioner.
8. Secure the approval of authorities concerned.
SUGGESTED PROJECT: Bulletin Board DATE: September 30, 2020

Balanced on Hand Quantity Requisition Unit Materials and Description Unit Price Total

2 Pc ½ Plywood (Marine) P 950.00 P 1 900.00

2 Kilo 2’ common nails P 70.00 P140.00

1 Liter Quick Dry Enamel, Boysen P150.00 P 150.00

5 Piece 220 sandpaper P 50.00 P 250.00

1 Piece 2’ paint brush P 125.00 P125.00

1 liter Paint thinner P 70.00 P 70.00

Total P 2 635.00

___________
___________
Requisitioner: Shop Teacher

___________
• MAINTAIN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
A. PROCEDURE IN SEGREGATING AND LABELING NON-
FUNCTIONAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
B. PROCEDURE IN CHECKING CONDITION OF
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
C. LUBRICATING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
• HOW TO MAINTAIN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
1. Clean your tools.
2. Protect electrical cords.
3. Lubricate tools. 
4. Inspect tools regularly.
5. Store tools with care.