New Year in

Different Countries

By 10a
 Korea

 This holiday is called Sollal in the
country – the most favorite
celebration of local residents. It is
celebrated not according to the
calendar, but according to the Lunar
calendar, on the 1st day of the first
month. This is usually the end of
January or February. The scale of the
holiday is so important for the
country that previously it was
allocated as many as 14 days off!
Now there are only 3 of them, but
Koreans, who are not spoiled by rest
from work, are happy with this.
 The connection of generations is very important in the new
year, so they spend it only in the family circle. it is believed
that even the departed ancestors are to their relatives on
this day and celebrate the holiday together with everyone.


 Only traditional dishes are served on the table, and in large
quantities.
Customs accompany not only the festive table, but also the
whole day. Here is A sample program for each korean
family:
 Eating the main New Year's dish – ttokkuk soup;
trip to parents and loved ones;
commemoration of 4 generations of ancestors;
traditional family games: kite flying, swings, "sticks";


meeting the dawn on the beach
 Japan
New Year in Japan is celebrated on
the night of December 31 to
January 1. The celebration takes a
whole week – from December 28 to
January 3. The Japanese celebrate
the New Year calmly, solemnly,
with respect for traditions and
rituals.
On New Year's Eve, children draw
their dream on paper and put the
drawing under their pillow before
going to bed. They believe that
such a ritual will lead to the
fulfillment of a cherished desire.
During the holidays, the Japanese
laugh a lot, arrange games and
entertainment. They love to fly
kites and tops. the popular game of
shuttlecock, christmas cards with
poems, a board game of dice with
mobile chips.
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The Japanese began celebrating а
the New Year on January 1 in
1873, when the Gregorian
calendar was adopted. Previously,
its offensive was celebrated in
early spring - according to the
Chinese lunar calendar.
The traditional decoration of
houses – matibane (bunches of
twigs of willow or bamboo).
Mochi – rice cakes in the form of
fish, vegetables, fruits and
flowers-are hung on the branches.
They are decorated in bright
colors: yellow, pink, green. The
Japanese believe that in the home,
which is decorated with matibane,
Toshigami will feel comfortable
and take care of the household.

.
 China

 The Chinese New Year does not have a
specific date. Astrologers decided many
centuries ago that it will come in the
period from January 21 to February 28.
That's why sometimes the New Year is
called the "Spring Festival".

Since ancient times, when there were

scary legends, old people used to say that
on New Year's Eve, scary evil spirits are
looking for a new home. It is because of
this that long ago there was a tradition of
making a lot of noise in the streets of the
city - rattling dishes, and now throwing
firecrackers and launching fireworks.
 
 Instead of a Christmas tree in China, they decorate the
Tree of Light. On it hang flowers, Chinese lanterns and
lights. They also decorate their homes with peonies and
other flowers that symbolize prosperity and tranquility,
pictures with wishes of wealth and prosperity.

In the past, it was not customary in China to go out in

noisy places or celebrate outside the home. Families
would gather and talk about various topics all night and
go to bed only in the morning. They did it in order to
protect their home from evil spirits that night.
 
 To prevent evil spirits from entering
homes, in earlier times, the Chinese
also covered the windows and
doors of the house with paper.
Today, this tradition is probably
alive only in rural areas
 
 In China, it is customary to give paired items - in the
Middle Kingdom, they symbolize family unity and
harmony. Unlike us, guests do not exchange gifts at
once - they give them or just before they leave, or
even just hide them somewhere in the house.
Children are given sweets most often.
Gifts are given three days after the New Year itself.
They are called chui, chuer and
chusan.
 
 On New Year's Eve in China, everything is decorated
in red. This color is chosen for a reason: there is a
legend about a monster who in ancient times killed
all the inhabitants of the village, except for one
family, who were wearing red clothes. Since then,
there has been a tradition for New Year's
celebrations to wear a red outfit to keep monsters
and demons at bay.
 New Year in New Zealand
 For most people who celebrate Christmas and New Year in December,
these holidays are associated with winter, snow and fluffy green fir trees.


But in New Zealand, as you know, the weather is "turned upside down".
Winter lasts from June to August, and summer begins in December.
 Maori
 Maori are the native population of New Zealand. Maori New
Year is quite an exotic holiday.

 New Year
 Of course, like all Kiwis, Maori celebrate the New Year on the night of January 1.
But this tradition was brought into their lives by Europeans. In Maori culture, the


beginning of the new year is not considered to be January 1, but the day when all
the stars of the constellation Pleiades become visible in the sky. This usually
happens either in the last days of May or in early June, like all decent Maori people
celebrate the New Year in winter. The name of the constellation Pleiades in the
Maori language sounds like Matariki.
 The ancestors of the Maori were able to read well by the
stars.
 The ancestors of the Maori were able to read well by the stars. By the brightness
of the constellation Pleiades, they determined what the weather would be like in


the next season, whether the harvest would be rich and at what time the sowing of
grain crops should begin. Some tribes celebrated the beginning of the new year as
soon as the stars became visible, others waited for the birth of a new moon. But all
Maoris always celebrated Matariki. The celebrations could last up to three days.
At this time, the Maori commemorated those who had passed away and celebrated
the new year.
 The tradition of the new year
 The Christmas tree of New Zealanders is considered pohatukawa-an evergreen
plant with beautiful red flowers. sometimes at christmas, maori cook hangi– a


traditional maori meal cooked on rocks in the ground. The Maori themselves sit
around the pit while cooking and sing Christmas songs.
 India
Gudi-padwa comes to the country
according to the Shaka calendar,
on the 1st day of the month of
Tchitara, which corresponds to the
spring equinox day (March 21-22).
Gudi-padva - heralds the rebirth,
the coming of spring, the
beginning of a new year.
According to «Brahma-purana»,
on this day Brahma created the
world. In the villages during this
period the harvest and the mango
season begin.
Women and children
decorate the doorways of
houses with exquisite
patterns of rangoli, the bright
colors of which reflect the
beauty and freshness of
spring.
The «gudi» is placed near the
houses.
According to tradition,
families begin the celebration
by taking the bitter leaves of
the Nim tree.
 England

 The history of the celebration of Christmas in
England began with a remarkable event-William
the Conqueror wished to hold his coronation on
this day. the ceremony took place on 25 december
1066 in the still unfinished westminster abbey.
Christmas in medieval England lasted 12 days
and was a time when poor people could take a
break from hard work and receive gifts from their
overlords. The lords distributed treats depending
on the status of the recipient — a well-to-do
peasant could count on meat, beer and even
candles, while the poor usually got leftovers from
a festive dinner and a loaf of bread. The most
luxurious feasts were held by the king for his
entourage — in 1482, Edward II treated about two
thousand people for several days. 
 The main dish of the Christmas table of the medieval
aristocracy was the boar's head.
The Church took a lively part in the preparation of the
celebration of Christmas. In the temples, you could buy


a ready-made dish for a solemn dinner-fried goose.
At the same time, there was a tradition to prepare
pudding for the holiday, which became a favorite
delicacy among the people.
 Medieval christmas in england was a
fusion of old pagan and new christian
traditions. Holly with dark green leaves
and red berries was considered sacred by


the druids, and the ancient Romans made
wreaths from the plant, which were given
as a sign of friendship and respect.

 Among Christians, the circle of mistletoe

and holly branches served as a symbol of
eternal life and became the Christmas
decoration of homes long before the fir
trees. At the same time, ivy was officially
banned by the church for a long time, as
it was identified with the god of
wine Bacchus. In the late Middle Ages,
carols became popular, which at first
were not approved by the clergy. 
 Egypt

 In ancient Egypt, the New Year was celebrated
during the flood of the Nile, when the sacred star
Sirius rose (the exact date is difficult to indicate - the
spread is somewhere from July to September), and
the first season of the ancient Egyptian year - "ahet"
began. The flood of the Nile was called the arrival of
Hapi - the god of the Upper and Lower Nile, who
bestows abundance. It was a sacred time for Egypt,
because a drought would threaten the very existence
of this agricultural state.
 Therefore, the rise of Sirius began a new period in the life of the
ancient Egyptians, who by that time were finishing their sowing.
Preparations for the New Year began long before the spill. On the
farms of the temples, sacrificial bulls and birds were fattened, oils
and resins were stored. Even the poor tried to sew a new dress

and aprons for the national holidays. People bought fabrics,
sandals and incense for anointing. The priests calculated the day
of the arrival of the water, and on the eve of the appointed date,
people crowded on the embankment, eagerly awaiting the spill.
 Argentina

How the New Year was celebrated in Argentina is one of the unresolved and controversial issues in historical science.
No affirmative answer was found from what time the countdown of the year began.
The beginning of the celebration of the new year should be sought in ancient times.
So among the ancient peoples, the new year usually coincided with the beginning of the rebirth of nature.
Argentines celebrate Christmas on the Gregorian calendar
Before good night, the Argentines go to the church where Christmas services are held,
after which they rush to the house of one of the relatives.
The Holiday is celebrated with large families - several generations gather - grandmothers,
grandfathers, aunts, uncles, grandchildren. December is a very hot month in Argentina,
so people prefer to eat the main dishes of the Christmas meal outdoors in the garden.
 Argentina

 How the New Year was celebrated in Argentina is
one of the unresolved and controversial issues in
historical science. No affirmative answer was found
from what time the countdown of the year began.
The beginning of the celebration of the new year
should be sought in ancient times. So among the
ancient peoples, the new year usually coincided with
the beginning of the rebirth of nature.
 Argentines celebrate Christmas on the Gregorian
calendar Before good night, the Argentines go to the
church where Christmas services are held, after


which they rush to the house of one of the relatives.

 The Holiday is celebrated with large families - several

generations gather - grandmothers, grandfathers,
aunts, uncles, grandchildren. December is a very hot
month in Argentina, so people prefer to eat the main
dishes of the Christmas meal outdoors in the garden.
 Scotland

 Every year, the capital of Scotland
hosts traditional German Christmas
markets, lights are lit on the streets of
all cities, and people sing Christmas
songs. Since hunting and fishing are
very popular in Scotland, on the
Christmas table in Scotland, in
addition to the traditional stuffed
turkey, you can also find herring,
pheasant, venison.

But, of course, Scots party-goers were not left without a
grand celebration. the scots have hogmanay [hh ɔɡm əˈne ː]
which was and still is the most important holiday.


 Because of this, gift exchanges and public holidays in
Scotland were moved from Christmas to Hogmanay. If you
visit Scotland during this period, you will be able to see
various processions and shows with fireballs, as well as a
fireworks show in front of crowds at Edinburgh Castle.
 One of the famous Scottish New Year's traditions is First-
footing – "the first leg". it is believed that in order for the year
to be successful, the first guest in the house on january 1 should
be a tall, dark-haired man who brings traditional symbols of


wealth :coal for the hearth, bread for the table and whiskey for
the head of the family.
 Indian New Year in
Chile in ancient
 times.
 On the territory of modern Chile from ancient times,
when America was not yet discovered by Columbus,
there lived a powerful tribe of Araucans, who are
also called the Mapuche Indians.
The details about New Year
 New Year among the Mapuche Indians were called We Tripantu. It


began before sunrise on June 23rd and ended at sunrise on June 24th.
 The Indians went in "places of power" long before dawn, and burnt
fires. Around the large family fire, the Mapuche people listened to
stories from the older members of the family.
 The traditions
 At dawn, it was customary to go to the nearest river or lake and wash
there. So they cleansed the body and souls so that they would meet the
sun of the New Year with renewed ones.


 With the first reflection of dawn, people turned to the Sun, stretching out
their hands to it. To meet the first rays is to receive a “blessing from the
Sun” for the whole year!
 Sweden

 Until the 15th century, the New Year in
Sweden was celebrated on March 25th. It
was more convenient for the peasants to
keep track of the years, starting from the
day of the spring solstice. Instead of Santa
Claus, Swedish children are pleased with
gifts by the Christmas gnome – Jultomten.
Traditionally, aromatic rice porridge is
prepared for Jultomten , generously adding
almonds, oil, raisins and honey to it. The
porridge must be left either under the tree
or on the doorstep.
 On New Year's holidays, the whole of Sweden is
illuminated with a multi-colored glow: lamps and
candles are lit in houses, and thousands of garlands
and lanterns flash on the streets.

 
 An obligatory New Year's tradition in Sweden is the choice of
the Queen of Light, who is called Lucia. Lucia for the Swedes is
a deity of light, patronizing the hearth, animals and children. It
is she who usually brings gifts for children on a festive night, as
they say in Swedish legends. Lucia looks like a lovely young girl
dressed in white robes. On her head is a crown made of candles
burning with warm fire. An obligatory New Year's tradition in
Sweden is the choice of the Queen of Light, who is called Lucia.
Lucia for the Swedes is a deity of light, patronizing the hearth,
animals and children. It is she who usually brings gifts for
children on a festive night, as they say in Swedish legends. On
her head is a crown made of candles burning with warm fire.

Another Swedish New Year tradition is dish-
breaking. Cups, plates and glasses are smashed on
the threshold of the house, on the door frames.

The Swedes believe that such an ancient ceremony
will attract prosperity to the house, protect from
troubles.
 Preparation for the holiday

Decorated with garlands and Christmas symbols
Bazaars and fairs open
Install Christmas trees
Dad Noel
Christmas songs and decorations in Spain

Villancico 
Belen
 Greece

 In ancient Greece, the beginning of the year fell on
the longest day of the year - June 22.
 The Greek year at that time was divided into 12 lunar
months, which included, alternately, then 30, then 29
days. As a result, the lunar year consisted of 354
days, that is, it was 11 days less than the solar year.

 To remove the resulting difference, the Athenians
added days (up to 30) every 8 years to 3 months of
every third, fifth and eighth year. But, since this was
not enough, every 16 years they introduced 3 more
days.
 Interestingly, in Athens, for example, the year began
at the summer solstice (June 21); on the island of
Delos - at the winter solstice (December 21), and in
Boeotia and on the island of Rhodes - in the fall.


Moreover, the ancient Greeks originally divided the
year only into winter and summer, and, probably, not
by chance, because even in modern Greece these two
seasons are clearly expressed.
Slavic Pagan New Year
Slavic ancestors lived on a vast
 Our
territory from the Black Sea to the
taiga forests. There were many
tribes, but the rites were similar.
Kolyada-The Sun-baby, just born on
the day of the Winter Solstice
(December 21);
 Yarilo-The Sun-a young man,
gaining strength on the day of the
Spring equinox (March 21).
 Spring New Year (Komoeditsa) Slavs-sun
worshippers celebrated in March, when the Earth
began to wake up and the Sun-Yarilo was gaining
strength.


The Shrovetide rites that have come down to us were
once called Komoeditsa. They baked pancakes, thin
round cakes that resembled the Sun. They sang and
danced to the sound of horns, rattles, and tambourines.
 Ritual praise of the gods: veles, mokosh, svarog.
Kindling bonfires and burning an effigy of Madder,
which represented Winter.


 
 Winter New Year (Kolyada) was
celebrated by the Slavs in December,
when after the longest night of the
year, a new day was born.
The meeting of the Kolyada (late
December-early January) was
accompanied by kindling of bonfires,
dancing and songs of mummers –
carols. The Day Santa Claus (Stumpy) -
the shortest day. Among the Slavs,
Santa Claus was harsh and terrible,
and they called him Treskun and
Studenets. to appease the terrible
spirit, they put kutya, pancakes, and
jelly on his window.
 Decoration of dwellings with spruce branches.
Spruce was considered the Tree of the Universe.
Many Slavic traditions have gone irrevocably, but

some of them, having changed over time, continue to
be observed to this day.
 In Poland, the period of New Year's, or rather Christmas, holidays lasts
from December 25 to January 2. Poles traditionally spend Christmas night
at home, in a cozy family atmosphere. All family members gather at the
tables, and the dishes consist of the most delicious and unusual treats.


New Year in Poland is called St. Sylvester's Day. The fact is that during the time of
Emperor Constantine, the tenant was Bishop Sylvester of Rome, and he died on
December 31, 335. According to legend, Emperor Constantine was a pagan, he
persecuted Christians in Rome and fell ill with leprosy as a punishment. After he was
baptized by Sylvester, the patient was healed. For this, the emperor introduced


privileges for Christians, began to build a church and declared the Roman bishop the
head of the clergy.

The New Year in Poland is named after
Saint Sylvester for a reason. For more
than 6 centuries St.Sylvester's Day and
the New Year existed, existed with each
other. The year 1000 was approaching
and panic arose in the Catholic world
with the expectation of the end of the
world. According to rumors, in the
1000th year, a monstrous serpent
Leviathan will crawl out of the sea and
devour the whole earth.
 New Year in Germany
 Before the advent of Christianity
many Germanic peoples
worshiped a pantheon of gods 
that is, pagans.
 Pagan tribes celebrated the winter solstice
which was on December 21st. The pagan
holiday was called Julfest. People were glad
that the daylight hours got longer and
longer. Today the word "Jul" means
"Christmas" in some Scandinavian
languages
 Already in those days, people decorated their houses on
the eve of the holiday with fir branches. Evergreen
branches symbolized fertility and vitality. Paganism was
different in different parts of the Germanic world.


 The Scandinavian religion is best reflected in the sources
of the X-XI centuries but Anglo-Saxon paganism and
continental Germanic sources are also investigated.
 
 In 45 BC a new Julian calendar was introduced.
According to this calendar the day of the winter
solstice was postponed to December 25th. In the 3rd
century A.D. a Christian church was founded, which
banned the pagan holiday, but this custom was
already deeply rooted in society.
 North America 
 Many peoples of North
America celebrated the
beginning of the new year at the 20th of December,
when the day began to increase. That's what some
Pueblo, Zuni, Teva peoples had. And they called
these days Soyal, and the ceremony stretched for a
few days.
 At the end of July, at the end of the first half of the
year, the Hopi holds a large-scale Nieman ceremony.
This ceremony is a kind of farewell, seeing off the
spirits of the swing and expressing gratitude to them


for the harvest they help people grow.
 After the holiday, Neman, during the second half of
the year, non-fertility ceremonies are held. These are
mostly various dances and ceremonies of religious
societies.
 Christmas in
Australia
 Christmas residents
of Australia meet in

the hot summer and
takes place mainly
on the beach. These
days, kids ride
surfboards and
build fortresses out
of sand, not snow.
The most common
Christmas gift in
this country is an
ordinary beach
towel.
 In mid-November, the opening of the Christmas
Parade takes place, when Santa traditionally enters
the capital Adelaide. All this takes place in the spirit
of the Brazilian carnival. In addition to Santa in

Australia, there is another character without which
no Christmas passes - Swag Man "man with a bag".
unlike santa, he is dressed in a blue sweatshirt and
loose shorts, and on his head he has a brown hat.
 Every Catholic Christmas is followed by a
nationwide New Year. Australians also celebrate it
on January 1, but the celebration begins on December
31. At the same time, the cities are painted with
beautiful fireworks. 