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Forces in Two Dimensions: Lesson 3

The document discusses forces in two dimensions and includes the following key points: 1) It defines equilibrant as a force that puts an object in equilibrium, or a state where the net force is zero. 2) To find the equilibrant force, you first find the resultant of all other forces acting on the object, and the equilibrant will be of equal magnitude but opposite direction. 3) When analyzing forces on an inclined plane, it is important to choose an appropriate coordinate system where one axis is parallel to the incline.

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Shaimaa Abdulhamed
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208 views12 pages

Forces in Two Dimensions: Lesson 3

The document discusses forces in two dimensions and includes the following key points: 1) It defines equilibrant as a force that puts an object in equilibrium, or a state where the net force is zero. 2) To find the equilibrant force, you first find the resultant of all other forces acting on the object, and the equilibrant will be of equal magnitude but opposite direction. 3) When analyzing forces on an inclined plane, it is important to choose an appropriate coordinate system where one axis is parallel to the incline.

Uploaded by

Shaimaa Abdulhamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3

Forces in Two Dimensions


Focus Question

How can you analyze forces on a train as it


climbs a hill?
New Vocabulary

equilibrant
Review Vocabulary

equilibrium: the condition in which the net force


on an object is zero.
Equilibrium Revisited

• Recall that when the net force on an object is zero,


the object is in equilibrium.
• Three forces are acting on a ring and the individual
vectors are shown below.
• The sum of these forces is zero, and the object is in
equilibrium.
Equilibrium Revisited

• A force that puts an object in equilibrium is called an


equilibrant.
• To find the equilibrant, first find the resultant of the
forces being exerted on the object.
• The equilibrant has the same magnitude as the
resultant force, but it is in the opposite direction.
Inclined Planes

• To determine net force when motion is not horizontal


or vertical, choose your coordinate system carefully.
• In the example below, the girl’s acceleration is parallel
to the incline, and therefore one axis — the x-axis —
should be in that direction.
KNOWN +y 35.0°
Inclined Planes Fg = 640.0 N
+x

Fgy
θ = 35.0° Fgx
Use with Example Problem 5. UNKNOWN Fg
Problem Fgx = ?
Jeff, who weighs 640.0 N, sits on the slope of Fgy = ?
a hill that descends at an angle of 35.0° from
horizontal. What are the components of his
weight parallel and perpendicular to the
surface of the hill? SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN
• Use trigonometry to find the components of
Response weight.
SKETCH AND ANALYZE THE PROBLEM Fgx  640.0 Nsin 35.0  367 N
• Choose axes such that +y is downward
and normal to the slope, and +x is down Fgy  640.0 Ncos 35.0  524 N
the slope.
• Draw a vector diagram and indicate the EVALUATE THE ANSWER
components of Fg. • Force is in newtons, so the units are correct.
• List the knowns and unknowns. • The components of Fg are smaller than Fg itself, as
expected.
Ff
KNOWN
Inclined Planes FN +y
μ = 0.18 Fgy
θ = 30.0° +x

Use with Example Problem 6. UNKNOWN Fg Fgx


Problem ax = ?
A child slides from rest at the top of a 30.0°
playground slide. If the slide is inclined SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN
at 30.0° and the coefficient of kinetic • Use Newton’s second law to write equations for motion in
friction between the slide and the child’s the x- and y-directions.
pants is 0.18, what is the child’s max  Fgx  Ff may  Fgy  FN  0
acceleration?
max  mg sin   FN FN  Fgy  mg cos 
Response • Combine the two equations and solve for the acceleration.
SKETCH AND ANALYZE THE PROBLEM
• Choose axes such that +y is upward ax  g sin   μg cos 
and normal to the slope, and +x is
down the slope.  9.8 N/kgsin 30.0  0.189.8 N/kgcos 30.0
• Draw a vector diagram and indicate  3.4 m/s2
the components of Fg. EVALUATE THE ANSWER
• List the knowns and unknowns. • Force is in newtons, so the units are correct.
• The acceleration is less than g, which was expected.
Quiz

1. When an object is at equilibrium, which is always true?

A The object is not moving.

B The object is accelerating at a constant rate.

C The net force on the object is zero. CORRECT

D The object is oscillating.


Quiz

2. Which is the term for a force that puts an


object in equilibrium?

A normal force C equilibrant


CORRECT

B static friction force D resultant force


Quiz

3. The equilibrant force has ______ magnitude compared


to the resultant force, and it is in the _______ direction.

A a greater / same

B the same / opposite CORRECT

C the same / same

D a smaller / opposite

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