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Prim's Algorithm Guide & Examples

This document describes Prim's algorithm, a greedy algorithm for finding the minimum spanning tree of a connected, weighted, and undirected graph. It explains that Prim's algorithm finds the subset of edges that connects all vertices with minimum total weight without cycles. The steps of the algorithm are to select a starting vertex and add adjacent edges with the lowest weight until all vertices are included. Two examples demonstrating how to apply Prim's algorithm to find the minimum spanning tree of graphs are provided. Applications of Prim's algorithm include network design and pathfinding.

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Aury Kashkash
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548 views12 pages

Prim's Algorithm Guide & Examples

This document describes Prim's algorithm, a greedy algorithm for finding the minimum spanning tree of a connected, weighted, and undirected graph. It explains that Prim's algorithm finds the subset of edges that connects all vertices with minimum total weight without cycles. The steps of the algorithm are to select a starting vertex and add adjacent edges with the lowest weight until all vertices are included. Two examples demonstrating how to apply Prim's algorithm to find the minimum spanning tree of graphs are provided. Applications of Prim's algorithm include network design and pathfinding.

Uploaded by

Aury Kashkash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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prim's algorithm
Prims Algorithm
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Members:

 Angela Tare 20/03483.


 Zachary Karanja 20/02830.
 Nicasio Tabb 20/03233.
 Brenda Wangeci 20/03198.
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 Ednah Mutiso 19/03866.
 Esther Akinyi 20/03553.
 Francis Otieno 20/03531

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Introduction to Prim’s Algorithm

 It is an algorithm for determining the minimal spanning tree in a connected graph.


 It is a famous greedy algorithm.
 Prim’s algorithm is used for finding the minimum Spanning Tree of a given graph.
 To apply it the given graph must be weighted, connected and unidirected.
 It finds the subnet of edges that includes every vertex of the graph such that the sum of
the weights of the edges can be minimized.
 Only the edges with the minimal weights causing no cycle are selected

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Minimum Spanning Tree

Also called minimum weight spanning tree.


It is a set of edges in an undirected weighted graph that connects all the vertices with no
cycles and minimum total edge weight.
It is a spanning tree which has minimal total weight.

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Steps to be followed when selecting

1. Select any starting vertex.


2. Look at all edges connected to the vertex and choose the one with the lowest weight and
add it to the tree.
3. Add the selected edge and the vertex to the minimum spanning tree.
4. Repeat process 2&3 until there are fringe vertices.

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Example one

 Construct a minimum spanning tree of the graph given in the following figure by using
prim’s algorithm.

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Solution

 Step 1 : Choose a starting vertex B.


 Step 2: Add the vertices that are adjacent to A. the edges that connecting the vertices are shown by
dotted lines.
 Step 3: Choose the edge with the minimum weight among all. i.e. BD and add it to MST. Add the
adjacent vertices of D i.e. C and E.
 Step 3: Choose the edge with the minimum weight among all. In this case, the edges DE and CD
are such edges. Add them to MST and explore the adjacent of C i.e. E and A.
 Step 4: Choose the edge with the minimum weight i.e. CA. We can't choose CE as it would cause
cycle in the graph.
 The graph produces in the step 4 is the minimum spanning tree of the graph shown in the above
figure. The cost of MST will be calculated as; cost(MST) = 4 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 10 units.

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Solution.

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Example two

 Construct a minimum spanning tree of the graph given in the following figure by using
prim’s algorithm

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Solution

Total Cost = 10 + 25 + 22 + 12 + 16 + 14 = 99

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 Step 1 : Choose a starting vertex 0.


 Step 2: Add the vertices that are adjacent to 5.
 Step 3: Choose the edge with the minimum weight among all. I.e 4.
 Step 3: Choose the edge with the minimum weight among all. i.e 3.
 Step 4: Choose the edge with the minimum weight. i.e 2
 Step 5: Choose the edge with the minimum weight. i.e 1
 Step 6: Choose the edge with the minimum weight. i.e 6
 The graph produces in the step 4 is the minimum spanning tree of the graph shown in the above
figure. The cost of MST will be calculated as; cost(MST) = 10 + 25 + 22 + 12 + 16 + 14 = 99units.

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Application of Prim’s Algorithm

 Network for roads and rail tracks connecting all the cities.
 Irrigation channels and placing microwave towers.
 Designing a fibre optic grid or Ics.
 Travelling salesman problem.
 Cluster analysis.
 Pathfinding algorithm used in AI.
 Game development.
 Cognitive science.

prim's algorithm

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