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Reflex: DR Raghuveer Choudhary

This document discusses various types of reflexes in the human body including: 1) Reflexes can be either inborn or learned, and involve peripheral nerves and the spinal cord or higher brain centers as well. 2) A reflex arc has 5 components - a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector. 3) Muscle spindles contain proprioceptive fibers that detect changes in muscle length and signal the brain to contract muscles in response to stretching via stretch reflexes.

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Physiology by Dr Raghuveer
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176 views64 pages

Reflex: DR Raghuveer Choudhary

This document discusses various types of reflexes in the human body including: 1) Reflexes can be either inborn or learned, and involve peripheral nerves and the spinal cord or higher brain centers as well. 2) A reflex arc has 5 components - a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector. 3) Muscle spindles contain proprioceptive fibers that detect changes in muscle length and signal the brain to contract muscles in response to stretching via stretch reflexes.

Uploaded by

Physiology by Dr Raghuveer
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX or read online on Scribd
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Reflex

Dr Raghuveer choudhary
Reflexes
 Reflex - Rapid, involuntary Motor
Response to Stimulus
 Reflexes may:
– Inborn (Intrinsic) or Learned (Acquired)
– Involve only Peripheral Nerves & Spinal Cord
– Involve Higher Brain Centers as Well
Reflex Arc

 5 Components of Reflex Arc


– Receptor – Site of Stimulus
– Sensory Neuron – Transmits Afferent Impulse to
CNS
– Integration Center – Monosynaptic or Polysynaptic
Region within CNS
– Motor Neuron – Conducts Efferent Impulses from
Integration Center to Effector
– Effector – Muscle Fiber or Gland that Responds to
Efferent Impulse
Reflex Arc
Stretch & Deep Tendon Reflexes
 For Skeletal Muscles to Perform Normally:
– Golgi Tendon Organs (Proprioceptors)
 Constantly Inform Brain as to State of Muscle

– Muscle Spindles
 Stretch Reflexes
 Maintain Healthy Muscle Tone
Muscle Spindles
 Composed of 3-10 Intrafusal Muscle Fibers
– Lack Myofilaments in Central Regions
– Non-Contractile
– Receptive Surfaces
 Muscle Spindles Wrapped with 2 Types of
Afferent Endings
– Primary Sensory Endings of Type Ia Fibers
– Secondary Sensory Endings of Type II Fibers
– Innervated by γ Efferent Fibers
 Contractile Muscle Fibers
– Extrafusal Fibers
 Innervated by α Efferent Fibers
Muscle Spindles
Operation of Muscle Spindles

 Stretching Muscles
– Activates Muscle Spindle

– ↑ Rate of Action Potential in Ia Fibers

– Contracting Muscle ↓ Tension on Muscle

Spindle
– ↓ Rate of Action Potential on I Fibers
Operation of Muscle Spindle
Stretch Reflex
 Stretching Muscle
– Activates Muscle Spindle
– Excited γ Motor Neurons of Spindle → Stretched
Muscle to Contract
– Afferent Impulses from Spindle Result in
Inhibition of Antagonist
– Patellar Reflex
 Tapping Patellar Tendon Stretches Quadriceps Starts
Reflex Action
 Quadriceps Contract & Antagonistic Hamstrings Relax
Golgi Tendon Reflex
 Opposite of Stretch Reflex
– Contracting Muscle Activates Golgi Tendon
Organs
– Afferent Golgi Tendon Neurons Stimulated
– Neurons Inhibit Contracting Muscle
– Antagonistic Muscle Activated
– Contracting Muscle Relaxes
– Antagonist Contracts
GTO Rx
Flexor & Crossed Extensor Reflexes

 Flexor Reflex Initiated by Painful Stimulus


(Actual or Perceived) → Automatic
Withdrawal of Threatened Body Part
 Crossed Extensor Reflex - 2 Parts
– Stimulated Side Withdrawn

– Contralateral Side Extended


Crossed Extensor
Reflex
Flexor & Crossed Extensor
Reflexes
Superficial Reflexes
 Initiated by Gentle Cutaneous Stimulation
– Plantar Reflex Initiated by Stimulating Lateral
Aspect of Sole of Foot
– Response Downward Flexion of Toes
– Indirectly tests for Proper Corticospinal Tract
Functioning
 Babinski’s Sign
– Abnormal Plantar Reflex
– Corticospinal Damage
– Great toe Dorsiflexes Smaller Toes Fan Laterally
Babinski’s Sign
Somatic Reflexes
THANK YOU

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