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Number System

A number system is a set of symbols used to represent numbers and perform calculations. The four main number systems are decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. Decimal uses base 10 with symbols 0-9, binary uses base 2 with symbols 0 and 1, octal uses base 8 with symbols 0-7, and hexadecimal uses base 16 with symbols 0-9 and A-F. Methods like division and multiplication are used to convert between these number systems.

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28 views13 pages

Number System

A number system is a set of symbols used to represent numbers and perform calculations. The four main number systems are decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. Decimal uses base 10 with symbols 0-9, binary uses base 2 with symbols 0 and 1, octal uses base 8 with symbols 0-7, and hexadecimal uses base 16 with symbols 0-9 and A-F. Methods like division and multiplication are used to convert between these number systems.

Uploaded by

Mark Solo III
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NUMBER SYSTEM

 It is a way of counting things.


 It's a way of identifying the quantity of something.

 It is a set of symbols used to express quantities as the basis for


counting, determining order, comparing amounts, performing
calculations, and representing value.
 It is the set of characters and mathematical rules that are used
to represent a number.
 Examples include the Arabic, Babylonian, Chinese, Egyptian,
Greek, Mayan, and Roman number systems.
COMPARISON OF FOUR NUMBER SYSTEM
1. Decimal:
base =10
symbols = 0,1,2,3,4,3,6,7,8,9
2. Binary:
base = 2
symbols = 0 and 1
3. Octal:
base = 8
symbols =0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
4. Hexadecimal:
base =16
symbols = 0,1,2,3,4,3,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
DECIMAL - BINARY CONVERSION
A decimal whole number can be converted to binary by using the sum-of-weights
or the repeated division-by-2 method.

Repeated division-by-2 method

To convert the decimal whole number from base 10 to base 2 divide that number
by 2. The division operation is repeated until the quotient is equal to zero. The
answers are developed by reading up the remainder.

Example:

1. 8710 = ______________2
2. 11210 = ______________2
3. 22410 = ______________2
4. 77510 = ______________2
5. 31910 = ______________2
CONVERSION OF FRACTION: DECIMAL TO
BINARY
A decimal fraction can be converted to binary by using the sum-of-weights
or the repeated multiplication-by-2 method.

repeated multiplication-by-2 method

The conversion maybe accomplished by repeatedly doubling the decimal


fraction and noting the integral part of the product downward.

Example
 
1. 0.7510 = ______________2
2. 0.312510 = ______________2
3. 0.37510 = ______________2
 
DECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION
Divide the decimal number by 8 and note the remainder after
each division. When the divide operation produces a quotient
equal to zero the process is terminated.

Example:
 
1. 2810 = ______________8
2. 6510 = ______________8
3. 7010 = ______________8
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
CONVERSION
The decimal number and each successive quotient is divided by
16 and noting the remainders. The sequence of remainder in
reverse order gives the hexadecimal equivalent.
 
Example:
 
1. 18710 = ______________16
2. 28410 = ______________16
3. 43310 = ______________16
BINARY NUMBER

 Binary number system 2 digital codes are fundamental to


digital electronics.
 
 Binary number is weighted number the right most bit is the
least significant bit (LSB) in a binary whole number 2 has a
weight of 20 =1. The weight increases from right to left by a
power of two for each bit the left most bit is the most
significant (MSB), its weight depends in the size of the Binary
number.
 Binary to decimal
 
A binary number can be converted to decimal number by
summing the decimal values of the weights of all the 1s in the
binary number.

 Binary to Octal Conversion

It is easy to convert from an integer binary number to octal.


This is accomplished by:
 
1. Break the binary number into 3-bit sections from the LSB to
the MSB.
2. Convert the 3-bit binary number to its octal equivalent.
 
 Binary to Hex Conversion

It is easy to convert from an integer binary number to hex.


This is accomplished by:
 
1. Break the binary number into 4-bit sections from the LSB
to the MSB.
2. Convert the 4-bit binary number to its Hex equivalent.
 Octal to Decimal Conversion

To convert from Octal to Decimal, multiply the value in each


position by its octal weight and add each value.

 Octal to Binary Conversion


 
It is also easy to convert from an integer octal number to
binary. This is accomplished by:
 
1. Convert the decimal number to its 3-bit binary equivalent.
2. Combine the 3-bit sections by removing the spaces
 Hex to Binary Conversion

It is also easy to convert from an integer hex number to binary.


This is accomplished by:
 
1. Convert the Hex number to its 4-bit binary equivalent.
2. Combine the 4-bit sections by removing the spaces.
 
Example:
 
1. 8A.5B16 = ______________2
 Hex to Decimal Conversion

To convert from Hex to Decimal, multiply the value in each


position by its hex weight and add each value.
 
Example:

 
1. 4139.E816 = ______________10

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