AN

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

On

MACHINE LEARNING

At

GREAT LEARNING

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

University College of Engineering &Technology, Bikaner
(Constituent college of)
Bikaner Technical University, Bikaner
(Aligning with 21 st Century: The Century of Consciousness)
December, 2021

Rishab Bucha (19ECTCS056)

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This training was quite a learning experience for me at each and every step. At the same time
it has given me confidence to work in a professional setup. I feel the experience gained
during this training will lead me to gain the bright prospect in the f
CERTIFICATE
 ABSTRACT

Machine Learning is the field of study that gives computers the capability to
learn without being explicitly programmed. ML is one of the most exciting
technologies that one would have ever come across. As it is evident from the
name, it gives the computer that makes it more similar to humans: The ability
to learn. Machine learning is actively being used today, perhaps in many more
places than one would expect.
 CONTENTS

1.Introduction
2. Data and it's processing
3. Supervised learning
4. Unsupervised learning
5.Reinforcement learning
 What is Machine
Learning ?

Field of study that gives computers the capability to learn without being explicitly
programmed”.
In a very layman manner, Machine Learning(ML) can be explained as automating and
improving the learning process of computers based on their experiences without being
actually programmed i.e. without any human assistance.
 Introduction to Data in
Machine LEARNING

DATA: It can be any unprocessed fact, value, text, sound, or picture that is not being
interpreted and analyzed. Data is the most important part of all Data Analytics, Machine
Learning, Artificial Intelligence. Without data, we can’t train any model and all modern
research and automation will go in vain. Big Enterprises are spending lots of money just to
gather as much certain data as possible.
 Machine Learning and
Artificial Intelligence

The terms Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence are often used
interchangeably. However, there is a stark difference between the two that
is still unknown to the industry professionals.
Let’s start by taking an example of Virtual Personal Assistants which have
been familiar to most of us for quite some time now.
 Difference between Machine learning
and Artificial Intelligence

The word Artificial Intelligence comprises of two words “Artificial” and “Intelligence”.
Artificial refers to something which is made by human or non natural thing and Intelligence
means ability to understand or think. There is a misconception that Artificial Intelligence is
a system, but it is not a system .AI is implemented in the system

Machine Learning is the learning in which machine can learn by its own without being
explicitly programmed. It is an application of AI that provide system the ability to
automatically learn and improve from experience. Here we can generate a program by
integrating input and output of that program. One of the simple definition of the Machine
 ML | Understanding Data Processing

Data Processing is the task of converting data from a given form to a much more usable
and desired form i.e. making it more meaningful and informative. Using Machine Learning
algorithms, mathematical modeling, and statistical knowledge, this entire process can be
automated. The output of this complete process can be in any desired form like graphs,
videos, charts, tables, images, and many more, depending on the task we are performing
and the requirements of the machine.
 Data Preprocessing
in Python
Pre-processing refers to the transformations applied to our data before feeding it to the
algorithm. Data Preprocessing is a technique that is used to convert the raw data into a
clean data set. In other words, whenever the data is gathered from different sources it is
collected in raw format which is not feasible for the analysis.

Need of Data Preprocessing

For achieving better results from the applied model in Machine Learning projects the
format of the data has to be in a proper manner. Some specified Machine Learning model
needs information in a specified format, for example, Random Forest algorithm does not
support null values, therefore to execute random forest algorithm null values have to be
managed from the original raw data set.
Another aspect is that the data set should be formatted in such a way that more than one
Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithm are executed in one data set, and best
out of them is chosen.
 Overview of Data Cleaning

Introduction:
Data cleaning is one of the important parts of machine learning. It plays a significant part
in building a model. It surely isn’t the fanciest part of machine learning and at the same
time, there aren’t any hidden tricks or secrets to uncover. However, the success or failure
of a project relies on proper data cleaning. Professional data scientists usually invest a
very large portion of their time in this step because of the belief that “Better data beats
fancier algorithms”.
 Feature Scaling

Feature Scaling is a technique to standardize the independent features present in the

data in a fixed range. It is performed during the data pre-processing.

Working:
Given a data-set with features- Age, Salary, BHK Apartment with the data size of 5000
people, each having these independent data features.

Each data point is labeled as:

Class1- YES (means with the given Age, Salary, BHK Apartment feature value one can
buy the property)
Class2- NO (means with the given Age, Salary, BHK Apartment feature value one can’t
buy the property).
 Basic Concept of
Classification (Data Mining)
Data Mining: Data mining in general terms means mining or digging deep into data that is
in different forms to gain patterns, and to gain knowledge on that pattern. In the process of
data mining, large data sets are first sorted, then patterns are identified and relationships
are established to perform data analysis and solve problems.
Classification: It is a data analysis task, i.e. the process of finding a model that describes
and distinguishes data classes and concepts. Classification is the problem of identifying to
which of a set of categories (subpopulations), a new observation belongs to, on the basis
of a training set of data containing observations and whose categories membership is
known.
Example: Before starting any project, we need to check its feasibility. In this case, a
classifier is required to predict class labels such as ‘Safe’ and ‘Risky’ for adopting the
Project and to further approve it. It is a two-step process such as :
 Types of Regression
Techniques
When Regression is chosen?
A regression problem is when the output variable is a real or continuous value, such as
“salary” or “weight”. Many different models can be used, the simplest is linear regression.
It tries to fit data with the best hyperplane which goes through the points

Regression Analysis is a statistical process for estimating the relationships between the
dependent variables or criterion variables and one or more independent variables or
predictors. Regression analysis explains the changes in criteria in relation to changes in
select predictors. The conditional expectation of the criteria is based on predictors where
the average value of the dependent variables is given when the independent variables are
changed. Three major uses for regression analysis are determining the strength of
predictors, forecasting an effect, and trend forecasting.
 Classification vs
Regression
Classification is the process of finding or discovering a model or function which helps in
separating the data into multiple categorical classes i.e. discrete values. In classification,
data is categorized under different labels according to some parameters given in input and
then the labels are predicted for the data.

Regression is the process of finding a model or function for distinguishing the data into
continuous real values instead of using classes or discrete values. It can also identify the
distribution movement depending on the historical data. Because a regression predictive
model predicts a quantity, therefore, the skill of the model must be reported as an error in
those predictions
 Types of Learning –
Supervised Learning
Supervised Learning :
Supervised learning is when the model is getting trained on a labelled dataset. A labelled
dataset is one that has both input and output parameters. In this type of learning both
training and validation, datasets are labelled as shown in the figures below.

Both the above figures have labelled data set –

Figure A: It is a dataset of a shopping store

that is useful in predicting whether a customer
will purchase a particular product under
consideration or not based on his/ her gender,
age, and salary.
Input: Gender, Age, Salary
Output: Purchased i.e. 0 or 1; 1 means yes the
customer will purchase and 0 means that the
customer won’t purchase it.
Figure B: It is a Meteorological dataset that
serves the purpose of predicting wind speed
 Unsupervised
Learning

It’s a type of learning where we don’t give a target to our model while training i.e. training
model has only input parameter values. The model by itself has to find which way it can
learn. Data-set in Figure A is mall data that contains information of its clients that
subscribe to them. Once subscribed they are provided a membership card and so the mall
has complete information about the customer and his/her every purchase. Now using this
data and unsupervised learning techniques, the mall can easily group clients based on the
parameters we are feeding in.
 Learning after training and summary

Many services that we use every day rely on machine learning - a field of science and a
powerful technology that allows machines to learn from data and self-improve.

Machine learning is used in internet search engines, email filters to sort out spam,
websites to make personalised recommendations, banking software to detect unusual
transactions, and lots of apps on our phones such as voice recognition
THANK YOU