0% found this document useful (0 votes)
44 views17 pages

Unit-I Basic Concepts: Course Code: BTCS9504 Course Name: Network Operating Systems

Uploaded by

Pradeep Bedi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
44 views17 pages

Unit-I Basic Concepts: Course Code: BTCS9504 Course Name: Network Operating Systems

Uploaded by

Pradeep Bedi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

School of Computing Science and Engineering

Course Code : BTCS9504 Course Name: Network Operating Systems

Unit-I
Basic Concepts

Name of the Faculty: Mr. Pradeep Bedi Program Name: B.Tech


Basic Concepts

Objective

After studying this content, you will be able to:

• Introduction of Linux Operating System


• Directories, Files and Inodes
• Users, Groups and Access Permissions
• Access Permissions

Program Name: B.Tech 2


Basic Concepts

Directories, Files and Inodes

• Every directory and file is listed in its parent directory.


• In the case of the root directory, that parent is itself.
• A directory is a file that contains a table listing the files contained within it, giving file
names to the inode numbers in the list.
• The information about all the files and directories is maintained in INODE TABLE
• An Inode (Index Nodes) is an entry in the table containing information about a file
(metadata) including file permissions, UID, GID, size, time stamp, pointers to files data
blocks on the disk etc.

Program Name: B.Tech 3


Basic Concepts

Users, Groups and Access Permissions

• In UNIX/LINUX, there is a concept of user and an associated group


• The system determines whether or not a user or group can access a file or program based
on the permissions assigned to them.
• Apart from all the users, there is a special user called Super User

Program Name: B.Tech 4


Basic Concepts

Access Permissions

• There are three permissions for any file, directory or application program.
• The following lists the symbols used to denote each, along with a brief
description:
r — Indicates that a given category of user can read a file.
w — Indicates that a given category of user can write to a file.
x — Indicates that a given category of user can execute the file

Program Name: B.Tech 5


Basic Concepts

Access Permissions
• Each of the three permissions are assigned to three defined categories of users.
• The categories are:
owner — The owner of the file or application.
group — The group that owns the file or application.
others — All users with access to the system.
• One can easily view the permissions for a file by invoking a long format listing
using the command ls -l.
• For instance, if the user juan creates an executable file named test, the output
of the command ls -l test would look like this: -rwxrwxr-x 1 juan student 0 Sep 26
12:25 test

Program Name: B.Tech 6


Basic Concepts

Access Permissions

• The permissions for this file are listed are listed at the start of the line, starting
with rwx.
• This first set of symbols define owner access.
• The next set of rwx symbols define group access
• The last set of symbols defining access permitted for all other users.

Program Name: B.Tech 7


Basic Concepts

Access Permissions

• This listing indicates that the file is readable, writable, and executable by
the user who owns the file (user juan) as well as the group owning the file
(which is a group named student).
• The file is also world-readable and world-executable, but not world-
writable.

Program Name: B.Tech 8


Basic Concepts

Listing the Content of a Directory

• ls is used to list the contents of a directory.


• If the command ls is written with parameter –l then the command lists
contents of the working directory with details. Example: $ ls –l

Program Name: B.Tech 9


Basic Concepts

Moving in Directories

• cd try_it Changes the directory to try_it


• pwd Prints present working directory (e.g. /home/smith/try_it)
• cd .. Move to superior directory pwd : Prints /home/smith
• cd /home The absolute path pwd : Prints /home
• cd The system is returned to the user home directory pwd : Print
/home/smith

Program Name: B.Tech 1


Basic Concepts

Make Directory

• The command mkdir my_dir


makes new directory my_dir (the path is given relative) as a
subdirectory of the current directory.

Program Name: B.Tech 1


Basic Concepts

Remove Directory

The command rmdir your_dir removes directory your_dir if it is empty

Program Name: B.Tech 1


Basic Concepts

Copy File

• The command cp file_1 file_2


• copies file_1 to file_2. The both files must be in the same working
directory. If they are in various directories, the path must be given

Program Name: B.Tech 1


Basic Concepts

Remove file

• The command rm filea removes the file a from the system If you use
wildcard. For example rm h*c you will remove all files beginning with h
and ending with c which are in working directory.
• If you write rm * you will erase all files from your working directory.

Program Name: B.Tech 1


Basic Concepts

Rename and/or Move the File

• The command mv file_1 file_2 moves file_1 to file_2


• The both files must be in the same working directory.
• If they are in different directories, the path must be given.
• The file_1 is removed from the disk.

Program Name: B.Tech 1


References

•Cisco™ Networking Academy Program: HP IT Essentials II: Network Operating Systems, Second Edition,
2004.

•Andrew S. Tanenbaum, ―Modern Operating Systems‖, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2004

•Ramaz Elmasri, A. Gil Carrick, David Levine, ―Operating Systems – A Spiral Approach‖, Tata McGraw
Hill Edition, 2010

Program Name: B.Tech 16

You might also like