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What Is PHP

The document provides an overview of PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), which is a server-side scripting language commonly used for web development. Some key points: - PHP scripts are executed on the server-side and allow developers to add dynamic content to websites. It supports many databases and is compatible with popular servers. - PHP is free to download, easy to learn, and runs on multiple platforms. Basic syntax involves opening and closing PHP tags to embed code in HTML. It supports variables, strings, operators, conditional statements, arrays, and loops. - To get started, one would install Apache, PHP and MySQL on their computer, then download the necessary files from their websites to build basic PHP applications

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Eddy Eddu Nyoike
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
67 views64 pages

What Is PHP

The document provides an overview of PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), which is a server-side scripting language commonly used for web development. Some key points: - PHP scripts are executed on the server-side and allow developers to add dynamic content to websites. It supports many databases and is compatible with popular servers. - PHP is free to download, easy to learn, and runs on multiple platforms. Basic syntax involves opening and closing PHP tags to embed code in HTML. It supports variables, strings, operators, conditional statements, arrays, and loops. - To get started, one would install Apache, PHP and MySQL on their computer, then download the necessary files from their websites to build basic PHP applications

Uploaded by

Eddy Eddu Nyoike
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 64

What is PHP?

• PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext


Preprocessor
• PHP is a server-side scripting
languagePHP scripts are executed on the
server.
• PHP supports many databases (MySQL,
Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid,
PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.)
• PHP is an open source software (OSS)
1
Why PHP?
• PHP runs on different platforms (Windows,
Linux, Unix, etc.)
• PHP is compatible with almost all servers
used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
• PHP is FREE to download from the official
PHP resource: www.php.net
• PHP is easy to learn

2
Where to Start?
• Install an Apache server on a Windows or
Linux machine
• Install PHP on a Windows or Linux
machine
• Install MySQL on a Windows or Linux
machine

3
• Download PHP for free here:
http://www.php.net/downloads.php

• Download MySQL for free here:


http://www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html

• Download Apache for free here:


http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

4
Basic PHP Syntax
• A PHP scripting block always
– starts with <?php and
– ends with ?>
• Example
<?php
…….….
………..
?>

5
What is a PHP File?
• A PHP file normally contains

– HTML tags, just like an HTML file

– some PHP scripting code

6
Combining HTML and PHP
<html>
<head>
<title>A PHP script including HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<b>
"hello world- HTML";
<?php
echo "hello world-PHP";
?>
</b>
</body>
7
</html>
Comments in PHP
• In PHP, we use

// or # to make a single-line comment


/* and */ to make a large comment block.

8
Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
//This is a single-line comment
/*
This is
a comment
block
*/
?>
</body>
</html>

9
Variables in PHP (temporary
storage location)
• Variables are used for storing a values,
like text strings, numbers or arrays.
• When a variable is set it can be used over
and over again in your script
• All variables in PHP start with a $ sign
symbol.
• The correct way of setting a variable in
PHP:
$var_name = value;
Eg: $name=“Sunil”; 10
Example
<?php
$txt = "Hello World!";
$number = 16;
echo $txt;
echo $number;
?>

11
Variable Naming Rules
• A variable name must start with a letter or an
underscore "_"
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric
characters and underscores (a-Z, 0-9, and _ )
• A variable name should not contain spaces. If a
variable name is more than one word, it should
be separated with underscore ($my_string), or
with capitalization ($myString)

12
PHP String
• String variables are used for values that
contains character strings.
• Example 1:
<?php
$txt="Hello World";
echo $txt;
?>
The output of the code above will be:
Hello World
13
PHP String
• Example 2:
<?php
$txt1="Hello World";
$txt2="1234";
echo $txt1 . " " . $txt2;
?>

The output of the code above will be:


Hello World 1234
14
PHP String
• Example 2:
<?php
echo strlen("Hello world!");
?>

The output of the code above will be:


12
15
PHP Operators
• Arithmetic Operators
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus (division remainder)
++ Increment
-- Decrement

16
PHP Operators
• Comparison Operators
== is equal to 5==8 returns false
!= is not equal5!=8 returns true
> is greater than 5>8 returns false
< is less than 5<8 returns true
>= is greater than or equal to 5>=8 returns false
<= is less than or equal to 5<=8 returns true

17
Conditional Statements
If...Else Statement
• If you want to execute some code if a
condition is true and another code if a
condition is false, use the if....else
statement.
• Syntax
if (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
else
code to be executed if condition is false;
18
Conditional Statements
Example 1:
<html>
<body>
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
else
echo "Have a nice day!";
?>
</body>
</html> 19
Conditional Statements
Example 2:
<html>
<body>
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
{
echo "Hello!<br />";
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
echo "See you on Monday!";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
20
Conditional Statements
• If you want to execute some code if one of
several conditions are true use the elseif
statement
• Syntax
if (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
elseif (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
else
code to be executed if condition is false; 21
Conditional Statements
Example 3:
<html>
<body>
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
elseif ($d=="Sun")
echo "Have a nice Sunday!";
else
echo "Have a nice day!";
?>
</body>
</html>
22
PHP Switch Statement
• If you want to select one of many blocks of
code to be executed, use the Switch
statement.

• The switch statement is used to avoid long


blocks of if..elseif..else code.

23
PHP Switch Statement
• Syntax
switch (expression)
{
case label1:
code to be executed if expression = label1;
break;
case label2:
code to be executed if expression = label2;
break;
default:
code to be executed
if expression is different from both label1 and label2;
}
24
PHP Switch Statement
Example:
<html>
<body>
<?php
$x=2;
switch ($x)
{
case 1:
echo "Number 1";
break;
case 2:
echo "Number 2";
break;
case 3:
echo "Number 3";
break;
default:
echo "No number between 1 and 3";
}
?>
</body>
</html>

25
Exercise :
• Assign values to two variables. Use
comparison operators to test whether the first
value is
– The same as the second
– Less than the second
– Greater than the second
– Less than or equal to the second
• Print the result of each test to the browser.
• Change the values assigned to your test
variables and run the script again.

26
PHP Arrays
• What is an array?
– When working with PHP, sooner or later, you
might want to create many similar variables.
– Instead of having many similar variables, you
can store the data as elements in an array.
– Each element in the array has its own ID so
that it can be easily accessed.

27
PHP Arrays : Example 1
<?php
$names[0] = "Peter";
$names[1] = "Quagmire";
$names[2] = "Joe";
echo $names[1] . " and " . $names[2] .
" are ". $names[0] . "'s neighbors";
?>
The code above will output:
Quagmire and Joe are Peter's neighbors 28
PHP Arrays : Example 2
<?php
$names = array("Peter","Quagmire","Joe");
echo $names[1] . " and " . $names[2] .
" are ". $names[0] . "'s neighbors";
?>

The code above will output:


Quagmire and Joe are Peter's neighbors
29
Multidimensional Arrays
• In a multidimensional array,
– each element in the main array can also be
an array.
– each element in the sub-array can be an
array, and so on

30
Multidimensional Arrays
• In a multidimensional array,
– each element in the main array can also be
an array.
– each element in the sub-array can be an
array, and so on

31
PHP Looping
• Looping statements in PHP are
used to execute the same block
of code a specified number of
times.

32
PHP Looping
• Looping statements in PHP are used to
execute the same block of code a
specified number of times.
• In PHP we have the following looping
statements:
– while - loops
– do...while - loops
– for - loops
– foreach - loops 33
The while Statement
• The while statement will execute a block of
code if and as long as a condition is true.

• Syntax
while (condition)
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
}
34
The while Statement
Example
.
.
.
$i=1;
while($i<=5)
{
echo "The number is " . $i . "<br />";
$i++;
}
.
.
.
35
do...while Statement
• The do...while statement will execute a block of
code at least once - it then will repeat the loop
as long as a condition is true.
• Syntax
do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition);

36
do...while Statement
• Example
.
.
$i=0;
do
{
$i++;
echo "The number is " . $i . "<br />";
}
while ($i<5);
.
. 37
The for Statement
• The for statement is used when you know
how many times you want to execute a
statement or a list of statements.
• Syntax
for (initialization; condition; increment)
{
code to be executed;
}

38
The for Statement
• Example
.
.
for ($i=1; $i<=5; $i++)
{
echo "Hello World!<br />";
}
.
.

39
The foreach Statement
• The foreach statement is used to loop through
arrays.

• For every loop, the value of the current array


element is assigned to $value (and the array
pointer is moved by one) - so on the next loop,
you'll be looking at the next element.

• Syntax
foreach (array as value)
{
code to be executed;
} 40
The foreach Statement
• Example

The following example demonstrates a loop that


will print the values of the given array:
<html>
<body>
<?php
$arr=array("one", "two", "three");
foreach ($arr as $value)
{
echo "Value: " . $value . "<br />";
}
?>
</body>
</html> 41
PHP Functions
• A function is a block of code that can be executed
whenever we need it.

• Creating PHP functions:


– All functions start with the word "function()"
– Name the function - It should be possible to understand what the
function does by its name. The name can start with a letter or
underscore (not a number)
– Add a "{" - The function code starts after the opening curly
brace
– Insert the function code
– Add a "}" - The function is finished by a closing curly brace

42
Example 1
A simple function that writes my name when it is called:

<html>
<body>
<?php
function writeMyName()
{
echo “Nimal";
}
writeMyName();
?>
</body>
</html>
43
Example 2
<html>
<body>
<?php
function writeMyName()
{
echo "Kai Jim Refsnes";
}
echo "Hello world!<br />";
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName();
echo ".<br />That's right, ";
writeMyName();
echo " is my name.";
?>
</body>
</html>

44
Example 3
• The following example will write different first names,

<html>
<body>
<?php
function writeMyName($fname)
{
echo $fname . " .<br />";
}
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName(“Nimal");
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName(“Kamal");
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName(“Amal");
?>
</body>
</html>
45
Example 4
• The following function has two parameters
<html>
<body>
<?php
function writeMyName($fname,$lname)
{
echo $fname . " Refsnes" . $lname . "<br />";
}
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName(“Nimal",“Amarasinghe");
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName(“Kamal",“Perera");
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName(“Amal",“Silva");
?>
</body>
</html> 46
PHP Functions - Return values
• Functions can also be used to return values.
• Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
function add($x,$y)
{
$total = $x + $y;
return $total;
}
echo "1 + 16 = " . add(1,16);
?>
</body>
</html>
47
PHP Forms
• The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables
are used to retrieve information from
forms, like user input.

48
Example
• Welcome.htm

<html>
<body>
<form action="welcome.php" method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="name" />
Age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html> 49
Example
• welcome.php

<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.<br />
You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old.
</body>
</html>

50
PHP $_GET
• The $_GET variable is used to collect
values from a form with method="get".
• Information sent from a form with the GET
method is visible to everyone (it will be
displayed in the browser's address bar)
• It has limits on the amount of information
to send (max. 100 characters).

51
Example
<form action="welcome.php" method="get">
Name: <input type="text" name="name" />
Age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
• Welcome.php

Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?>.<br />


You are <?php echo $_GET["age"]; ?> years old!

52
Note:
• When using the $_GET variable all
variable names and values are displayed
in the URL.
• So this method should not be used when
sending passwords or other sensitive
information!
• The HTTP GET method is not suitable on
large variable values; the value cannot
exceed 100 characters.
53
PHP $_POST
• The $_POST variable is used to collect
values from a form with method="post".
• Information sent from a form with the
POST method is invisible to others and
has no limits on the amount of information
to send.

54
Example
<form action="welcome.php" method="post">
Enter your name: <input type="text" name="name" />
Enter your age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>

• Welcome.php
Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.<br />
You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old!
55
PHP Database

56
Connecting to a MySQL Database
• Before you can access and work with data in a database,
you must create a connection to the database.
• In PHP, this is done with the mysql_connect() function.
• Syntax
mysql_connect(servername,username,password);

– servername Optional. Specifies the server to connect to.


Default value is "localhost:3306"
– username Optional. Specifies the username to log in with.
Default value is the name of the user that owns
the server process
– password Optional. Specifies the password to log in with.
Default is ""
57
Example
• In the following example we store the connection
in a variable ($con). The "die" part will be
executed if the connection fails:
<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
// some code
mysql_close($con);
?>

58
Create MySQLDatabase and Tables

• To get PHP to execute a MySQL


statement we must use the mysql_query()
function.
• This function is used to send a query or
command to a MySQL connection.

59
Example
• In the following example we create a database called "my_db":

<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
if (mysql_query("CREATE DATABASE my_db",$con))
{
echo "Database created";
}
else
{
echo "Error creating database: " . mysql_error();
}
mysql_close($con);
?>
60
Create a Table
• Example
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
// Create table in my_db database
mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);
$sql = "CREATE TABLE person
(
FirstName varchar(15),
LastName varchar(15),
Age int
)";
mysql_query($sql,$con);
mysql_close($con);
61
Insert new records into a
database table
• Example
<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);
mysql_query("INSERT INTO person (FirstName, LastName, Age)
VALUES ('Peter', 'Griffin', '35')");
mysql_query("INSERT INTO person (FirstName, LastName, Age)
VALUES ('Glenn', 'Quagmire', '33')");
mysql_close($con);
?>

62
Insert Data From a Form Into a
Database
• Example : insert.html
<html>
<body>
<form action="insert.php" method="post">
Firstname: <input type="text" name="firstname" />
Lastname: <input type="text" name="lastname" />
Age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
63
Insert Data From a Form Into a
Database
• Example : insert.php
<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);
$sql="INSERT INTO person (FirstName, LastName, Age)
VALUES
('$_POST[firstname]','$_POST[lastname]','$_POST[age]')";
if (!mysql_query($sql,$con))
{
die('Error: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "1 record added";
mysql_close($con)
?> 64

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