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Chapter 3 Mean, Median, Mode

The document discusses measures of central tendency including mean, median, and mode. It provides examples and formulas for calculating each measure for both discrete and continuous data sets. The mean is the average and is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values. The median is the middle value when values are sorted in numerical order. The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data set.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
1K views29 pages

Chapter 3 Mean, Median, Mode

The document discusses measures of central tendency including mean, median, and mode. It provides examples and formulas for calculating each measure for both discrete and continuous data sets. The mean is the average and is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values. The median is the middle value when values are sorted in numerical order. The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data set.

Uploaded by

Ninad Abhyankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

Measures of Central Tendency


Central Tendency

 A central tendency is a single value which is used to


represent an entire set of data.

 It is a typical value around which most of the other


values cluster.

 The tendency of the observations to concentrate


around a central point is known as central tendency.
Ungrouped
Data

Discrete
Data

Continuous Data
Measures of Central Tendency

(a) Arithmetic mean or Mean


(b) Median
(c) Mode
Arithmetic Mean

 The arithmetic mean (AM) of a set of observations


is their sum, divided by the number of observations.
 It is generally denoted by x or AM. Population mean
is denoted by μ.
Example: A rainwear manufacturing company
wants to launch some new products in a new state.
The rainfall in the state (in cm) for the past 10 years
is given below. Find the average rainfall of the state
in the past 10 years.

110, 120, 130, 135, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180,


190
Solution:
Computation of Arithmetic Mean for Discrete &
Continuous Frequency Distribution

Example: The weekly earnings of 187 employees of a company is


given in Table below. Find the mean of the weekly earnings.
Weekly Earning (in Rs) Number of
Employees
100 5
120 8
140 12
160 16
180 22
200 44
210 80
Solution:
Example: Find the arithmetic mean.
Solution is presented in Table 3.7.
Calculate Mean of the following data
23 27 28 25 20 21 34 18 29 21 16

No. of Cars Number of Profit (in Number of


Sold (X) Stores (f) lacs) Companies
0 5 (f)
0 - 20 8
1 12
20 - 40 15
2 17
40 - 60 36
3 8 60 – 80 22
4 5 80 -100 12
5 3 100 - 120 7
Median

 The median may be defined as the middle or central


value of the variable when values are arranged in the
order of magnitude.

 In other words, median is defined as that value of the


variable that divides the group into two equal parts,
one part comprising all values greater and the other
all values lesser than the median.
Computation of Median for the Ungrouped
data series
In this type of distribution, data can be arranged in
ascending or descending order. If there are n terms
(observations) in the data, there can be two cases:
Example: Calculate the median of the following data
that relates to the service time (in minutes) per
customer for 7 customers at a railway reservation
counter: 3.5, 4.5, 3, 3.8, 5, 5.5, 4

Example: Calculate the median of the following data


that relates to the number of patients examined per
hour in the Outpatient ward in a hospital:
10,12,15,20,13,24,17,18
Computation of Median for the Discrete
data
Example: For the frequency distribution given below,
determine the median.

No. of Cars Sold (X) Number of Stores (f)


0 5
1 12
2 17
3 8
4 5
5 3
Median for Continuous Data

l = lower limit of the median class


f = frequency of the median class
c = cumulative frequency preceding the median class
i = width of class interval of median class
Example: Determine the median profit from the
data given below.

Profit (in lacs) Number of Companies


(f)
0 - 20 8
20-40 15
40-60 36
60-80 22
80-100 12
100-120 7
Mode

 Mode is the variate having the maximum frequency in a data series.

 In a distribution, there may be one, two, or more than two modes. A distribution

which has a single mode is called unimodal distribution and a distribution which

has two modes is called a bimodal distribution (Figures 3.20 and 3.21).

Figure 3.21: Bimodal distribution with two


Figure 3.20 : Unimodal distribution
unequal modes
Computation of Mode for the Individual Series

 In the case of an individual series, data is arranged in


order and mode can be determined by inspection only.
 The value of the variable (in data series) which occurs
the most or the value of the data series with
maximum frequency is the mode of the data series.
 For example, for a series 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 8, 8,
16, 16 (arranged in the order of magnitude),
observation 3 has the maximum frequency 4.
Therefore, mode of the series is 3.
Mode for Continuous Data

** Identify the Modal Class first; the Class with the highest frequency will be the
modal class
Example: Determine the mode from the data
given below:
Profit (in lacs) Number of Companies
(f)
0 - 20 8
20-40 15
40-60 36
60-80 22
80-100 12
100-120 7
Example 1: The number of new orders received by a company
over last 25 working days were recorded as follows:
3,0,1,4,4,4,2,5,3,6,4,5,1,4,2,3,0,2,0,5,4,2,3,3,1
Calculate the Mean, Median and Mode from the following data
given below:

Example 2: The daily earnings (in Rs) of employees working on a


daily basis in a firm are given below. Calculate the Mean, Median
and Mode from the given data.
Daily 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
Earning
(in Rs)
No. of 3 6 10 15 24 42 75
Employe
es
Example 3: Find the mean , median and mode for the following
continuous frequency distribution:
Class 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6

Frequency 1 4 8 7 3 2

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