BAP 315 - Sustainable Development

TAL CHHAPAR
By: Kamath Design

Studios
Presented by:
Chanchal Soni (00106142019)
B. Arch, 5th Semester
Subject: BAP 315 Sustainable
Development
• Kamath Design Studio was established in 1981 as a partnership company by Revathi Sekhar
Kamath and Vasant V. Kamath.
• They are based in Delhi and have maintained their studio at the forefront of ecological and
About Kamath
socially sustainable design in India for the past thirty years.
• This is made possible by their pioneering work in the use of sustainable building materials and
techniques.
Design Studio • Although India is not at the same level of standardization and industrialization of building as
the western countries, for them, they feel that there is no need for it to achieve the same level
either-they see human potential as the country’s greatest asset.
• With this philosophy, they have more than 150 projects to their credit, three of which have been
nominated for the Aga Khan Award.
TAL CHHAPAR
A programme that understands the relationship between animal
survival, human culture and folklore, while also becoming a driver
for socio-economic upliftment is translated into architecture, its
language and systems of construction.
Location: Churu District, Rajasthan, India

Project Area: 7150000 m2
Built Area: 350 m2
Design: Kamath Design Studio
Principal Architect: Revathi Kamath
Design Team: Revathi Kamath, Shruti Soni,
Smriti Chauhan, Jaskeerat Sangra, Satendar
Garg
Civil Contractor: Bhageerat Prajapati
Introduction
• Tal Chhapar in Rajasthan (Tal means ‘flatland’ in local

lingo — the region is a Savannah-like grassland — and
Chhapar is the name of an adjacent settlement – literally
the ‘flatlands of Chhapar’) is a 715-hectare blackbuck
antelope reserve in northern Rajasthan carved out in
the 1960s of what used to be the hunting grounds of the
Maharaja of Bikaner.
• A transformative programme was needed — that would
not only ensure the animal’s survival and its continued
intertwining with human culture and folklore, but also
become a driver for socioeconomic upliftment and
women’s empowerment. A nodal agency was established
to cohesively plan and actualize an integrated strategy that
involved various Government departments and the local
administration.
• The focus was on achieving an ecological balance that
would enable the creation of sustainable livelihoods.
Introduction
• Enlightened political leadership has meant that a participatory process ensued wherein all stakeholders such as the bureaucrats, local
panchayats, engineers, local politicians, social workers and the architects themselves (as shapers of the physical environment) became
involved in structuring a future for the place.
• One of the first tasks for the architects
involved the outlining of an ecological
programme and masterplan for the entire
sanctuary.
• A highway that runs adjacent to the sanctuary
will be shifted in the long term, as would be
salt pans that have caused an increase in the
acidity of the soil.
• The edge between the sanctuary and the
adjacent inhabited areas was also in dire need
of definition, as the antelope was being
attacked by predators such as dogs and foxes.
• A long-term strategy of replacing the boundary
wall with a traditional dola or a berm with
thorny bushes has been chalked out.
Environmental Friendly Features
• Stone is used in more dramatic fashion for the newer extensions and additions to the project such as the covered
verandahs — distinctly as sandstone lintels and hexagonal vents that float within the matrix of plastered
brickwork.
• The brickwork is articulated in minute detail — forming delicate corbels to support the sandstone lintels whilst
also being built as a ‘jaali’ or massive screen — with a repetitive pattern of openings.
• A similar ‘visual’ character also pervades the architect’s own house but she discards this as an ‘idea’ — rather
choosing to regard it as a ‘functional’ strategy to mitigate a harsh climate without compromising on thermal mass
and natural ventilation.
• Small openings within massive walls ensure that the sand is deposited outside the walls during dust storms as the
air forces itself through the narrow openings — a strategy that, now scientifically proven, has been adopted by
native wisdom for centuries. Thus the interior spaces are always vented, but kept comparatively free of sand
particles to a great extent.
• The new additions also feature circular rooms in the form of the ‘jhumpa’ — a traditional desert typology in the
region with thatched roofs. Here these ‘neo-jhumpas’ boast of an articulated triangulated steel frame that holds up
a bamboo roof finally decked out in concrete. A layer of soil and grass imparts thermal mass to the roof, thus
lowering indoor temperatures.
• The use of renewables and materials sourced locally means that the building has an exceptionally small ecological
footprint. Wastes were used too — the stone comes from leftovers after slab-cutting from a nearby sandstone
quarry and bricks from adjoining structures was recycled.
• The overall small dimensions of the stones used in the grafting exercise as well as the new jaalis meant that this
was possible.
• This is evidence of a deep consciousness within the architects to ‘make do with what is available’ such that the act
of building does not necessarily become the energy-intensive act of destroying the landscape, but rather becomes
an active agent in reducing ecological damage.
SITE
PLAN
JAALI ROOF
DETAILS DETAILS
• What is also remarkable is the manner in which the architecture becomes an active agent in the larger aims of economic welfare and
wealth distribution (and generation) programme that is part of the project. 70% of the project budget was spent towards the fees of local
craftsmen in the building of this facility.
• The architecture is ‘close to being hand-made’. The spaces within the facility — such as the Amphitheatre, the open verandahs linking
Other the buildings, the crafts shops as well as the accommodation facilities ensure that the local population is supported and local women are
trained in a number of crafts and vocations such that they can earn a livelihood.
Remarkable
• In this manner, the preservation of an endangered species has become the fulcrum in the restoration of the man-nature balance within a
region, as well as a driver for economic and social transformation.
• It is not often that architecture can become the mechanism of socio-economic engineering — but this project shows the dormant
Features possibilities inherent within the act of building and its capacity to ‘really’ transform the lives of surrounding populations as well as
making far reaching statements on sustainability and support of local crafts traditions — that in turn becomes the means of preserving
cultural wealth as well as economic wealth distribution, besides relevancing these for our current times — in a country at the crossroads
between advanced technologies and the persistence of vast craft traditions.
• What is important is that this project, much like the ‘Modernist’ programme, seeks a social transformation — but whereas the latter
focused on homogenization and the adoption of a technological future, here this spirit is made relevant by contexting it to a specific
purpose and celebrating diversity and heterogeneity, yet adding a layer of coherence and solidarity 5 of expression to a set of former
buildings that stood at odds with their context.
Gallery
Gallery
References
(PDF) DI_17_Tal Chhapar, Rajasthan_Kamath Design Studio | DOMUS I N D
I A (Editorial) and Suprio Bhattacharjee - Academia.edu
http://www.kamathdesign.org/uploadimages/pdffile/1355216728.pdf
Revathi Kamath: The Heart & Soul of Mud Architecture - The Arch Insider
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TAL CHHAPAR

By: Kamath Design

Location: Churu District, Rajasthan, India

• Tal Chhapar in Rajasthan (Tal means ‘flatland’ in local

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