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    Stop and Wait Arq

    Uploaded by

    Atul Kumar
    Stop and wait ARQ is an error control method for reliable data transmission over unreliable communication channels. It works by having the transmitter send a frame and wait for an acknowledgement before sending the next frame. If the acknowledgement is not received within a timeout period, the frame is retransmitted. Sequence numbers are used to identify and match frames with acknowledgements. While simple, it has low efficiency due to only allowing one outstanding frame at a time and requires timers for each frame.

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    Stop and Wait Arq

    Uploaded by

    Atul Kumar
    149 views22 pages
    Stop and wait ARQ is an error control method for reliable data transmission over unreliable communication channels. It works by having the transmitter send a frame and wait for an acknowledgement before sending the next frame. If the acknowledgement is not received within a timeout period, the frame is retransmitted. Sequence numbers are used to identify and match frames with acknowledgements. While simple, it has low efficiency due to only allowing one outstanding frame at a time and requires timers for each frame.

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    stopandwait-091118052946-phpapp02

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    Stop and wait ARQ is an error control method for reliable data transmission over unreliable communication channels. It works by having the transmitter send a frame and wait for an acknowledgement before sending the next frame. If the acknowledgement is not received within a timeout period, the frame is retransmitted. Sequence numbers are used to identify and match frames with acknowledgements. While simple, it has low efficiency due to only allowing one outstanding frame at a time and requires timers for each frame.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    149 views22 pages

    Stop and Wait Arq

    Uploaded by

    Atul Kumar
    Stop and wait ARQ is an error control method for reliable data transmission over unreliable communication channels. It works by having the transmitter send a frame and wait for an acknowledgement before sending the next frame. If the acknowledgement is not received within a timeout period, the frame is retransmitted. Sequence numbers are used to identify and match frames with acknowledgements. While simple, it has low efficiency due to only allowing one outstanding frame at a time and requires timers for each frame.

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    STOP AND WAIT ARQ

    STOP WAIT

    AND
    Team members

    DNAA Krazzy4

    • Nishita • Royston
    • Ananya • Aayush
    • Archana • Himanshu
    • Dhanusha Awesum4sum
    • Vinayak
    • Lisha
    • Anita
    • Prabha
    • Caroline
    Noiseless
    and
    Noisy Channels
    Noisy Channel – Error free channels
    Noiseless Channel – Error creating channels

    PROTOCOLS
    PROTOCOLS

    FOR NOISELESS
    CHANNELS FOR NOISY
    CHANNELS

    SIMPLEST STOP AND


    WAIT ARQ

    STOP AND GO BACK N


    WAIT ARQ

    SELECTIVE
    REPEAT ARQ
    STOP AND WAIT
    Automatic Repeat reQuest
    • Is an error-control method for data
    transmission

    • uses acknowledgements and timeouts to


    achieve reliable data transmission over an
    unreliable service.
    STOP AND WAIT ARQ
    Frames
    Packet Error Free Packet

    Information Frame

    Transmitter Receiver
    Control Frame

    Timer is set after


    each frame
    transmission
    Information Frame
    header Information Packet CRC

    Header CRC

    Acknowledgement
    Frame
    Need for
    Sequence number
    Need for Sequence Numbers
    (a) Frame 1 lost Time-out
    Time
    A
    Frame Frame Frame Frame
    0 1 1 2
    ACK ACK
    B
    (b) ACK lost Time-out
    Time
    A Frame Frame Frame Frame
    0 1 1 2
    ACK ACK ACK
    B
    Sequence Numbers
    (c) Premature Time-out

    Time-out
    Time
    A
    Frame Frame Frame Frame
    0 0 1 2
    ACK ACK
    B
    Sender-site algorithm for stop and wait
    ARQ
    Sn=0;
    Cansend=true;
    While(true)
    {
    Waitforevent()
    If(event(requesttosend)AND cansend)
    {
    Getdata();
    Makeframe(Sn);
    Storeframe(Sn)
    Sendframe(Sn);
    Starttimer()
    Cansend=false
    }
    Contd
    Waitforevent();
    if(event(arrivalnotification)
    {
    Receiveframe(ackno);
    If(ackno==Sn)
    {
    Stoptimer();
    Purge(Sn-1);
    Cansend=true;
    }
    }
    If(event(timeout))
    {
    Starttimer();
    Resendframe(Sn-1);
    }
    }
    Receiver-site algorithm for
    Rn = 0;
    Stop and Wait ARQ
    While (true)
    {
    WaitForEvent ( );
    If (Event (ArrivalNotification) )
    {
    ReceiveFrame ( );
    If (corrupted (frame) );
    sleep ( );
    {
    ExtractData ( );
    DelieverData ( );
    Rn = Rn + 1;
    }
    SendFrame (Rn);
    }
    }
    1-Bit Sequence Numbering Suffices
    0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

    Slast Rnext
    Timer

    Transmitter A Slast Receiver B

    Rnext

    Global State: Error-free frame 0


    (Slast, Rnext) (0,0) (0,1)
    arrives at receiver
    ACK for
    ACK for frame 0
    frame 1 arrives at
    arrives at transmitter
    transmitter Error-free frame 1
    arrives at receiver
    (1,0) (1,1)
    Advantages and disadvantages

    of Stop and Wait ARQ


    Advantages of Stop and Wait ARQ over
    simple Stop and Wait protocol

    1. It can be used for noisy channels


    2. It has both error and flow control mechanism
    3. It has a timer implementation
    Disadvantages of Stop and Wait ARQ

    • Efficiency is very less.


    • Only 1 frame is sent at a time.
    • Timer should be set for each individual
    frame.
    • No pipelining.
    • Sender window size is 1 ( disadvantage
    over go back n ARQ).
    • Receiver window size is 1
    ( disadvantage
    over selective repeat ARQ).
    Applications

    • IBM Binary Synchronous Communication


    Protocol (Bisync): Character-oriented data link
    control.
    • Xmodem: Modem file transfer protocol.
    • Trivial file transfer protocol (RFC 1350):
    simple protocol for file transfer over UDP.
    THANK YOU

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