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Unit-1: Introduction To Open Source & Open Standards & OSS Development Methodology

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122 views

Unit-1: Introduction To Open Source & Open Standards & OSS Development Methodology

Uploaded by

Prashant Rawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Open Source & Open Standards; & OSS Development Methodology

Unit-1

•What is Open Source? , Why Open Source?

•Definition

•A brief history about open source development

•The evolution of the open source movement

•Benefit of Free/Open Source Software

•Advantages and disadvantages of open source

•Open Source trends and perspective

•Split open source software / commercial products


What is “Open Source Software”?

•Software whose source code is published and made available


to the public

•Often built by a community

•Generally high quality, high performance software

•May be a reference implementation of an open specification

•Examples: Apache, Eclipse, Mozilla Firefox, Open Office, etc.


What is an “Open Standard”?

• Published without restriction


• Freely available for adoption by the industry
• Control by an open industry organization
• Implemented by offerings available in the market
• Allows for an era of interchangeable parts …
of reduced integration cost
• Examples: TCP/IP, HTTP, HTML, XML
History

Richard Stallman

1984 - launched the GNU


Project and the Free Software Foundation

1986 - the Free Software Foundation


1987 - created an open source compiler,
the GNU C Compiler (GCC)
History

Linus Torvalds-- a student of the Department of


Computer Science at the University of Helsinki

1991 - created (with the help of several volunteer


programmers through Usenet) the Linux® kernel.
History

Ian Murdock

1993 created the Debian GNU/Linux operating system


Debian package management system and is used to
install, remove, and provide information on the
Debian software packages (.deb).
History

Robert McCool

1994 - developed the Apache HTTP server


more than 100 million Web sites use
Apache as their Web server of choice
History

Marc Ewing

1995 - created his own Linux distribution called RedHat

1996 the KDE and GNOME desktop environments were


developed
History

1998

many software companies started to accept the open source


movement.

Netscape Communicator source code was made open source.

Mozilla Foundation was established.

The term open source was created by Eric Raymond and Bruce
Perens
Development Tools

Applications Applications

Application Server Database

Operating System

Hardware
How all of the tools and hardware integrate together

Development Tools – Eclipse

Application Server – WebSphere

Database – DB2

Operating System – Linux


“Open Source Software”?
• http://www.Opensource.org.
The Open Source concept can be defined as follows:

“When programmers can read, redistribute,


and modify the source code for a piece of
software, the software evolves. People
improve it, people adapt it, people fix bugs.
And this can happen at a speed that, if one
is used to the slow pace of conventional
software development, seems astonishing.”
“Open Source Software” cont………

•The community develops, debugs, and maintains. Participating in an


Open Source community offers potential for strong personal rewards. It
strengthens programming experience

•[Examples would be Apache Tomcat and Apache Geronimo.

•Additional examples:

Gnome, Derby, Samba, SendMail, Geronimo, Web server, application


development, desktop environment, browser, database (Cloudscape),
productivity suit (Star Office), file/print server, mail server, and J2EE
application server.

Nick Donofrio, Senior VP of Technology and Manufacturing at IBM, states


“It is not about Free. It’s about Freedom. The freedom to
collaborate. The freedom to innovate.”.
“Open Standard”

IBM’s definition of an open standard.

An Open Standard is more than just a


specification. The principles behind the
standard, and the practice of offering and
operating the standard, are what make
the standard Open.
Principles of Open Standards
-Availability: Open Standards are available for all to read and implement.
-Maximize End-User Choice: Open Standards create a fair, competitive market
for implementations of the standard. They do not lock the customer in to a particular
vendor or group.
-No Royalty: Open Standards are free for all to implement, with no royalty or fee.
Certification of compliance by the standards organization may involve a fee.
-No Discrimination: Open Standards and the organizations that administer them
do not favor one implementer over another for any reason other than the technical
standards compliance of a vendor's implementation.
-Extension or Subset: Implementations of Open Standards may be extended, or
offered in subset form.
-Predatory Practices: Open Standards may employ license terms that protect
against subversion of the standard by embrace-and-extend tactics.
FLOSS - Free, libre, open source software

“Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To


understand the concept, you should think of 'free' as in
free speech, not as in 'free beer'”.

free software is a philosophical concept that aims to


convey the idea of software that can be used, studied
and modified without any restriction
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE VS FREEWARE
Advantages and disadvantages of open
source
Pros:

Open source software has lower monetary costs as development,


support and license costs are fairly minimal when compared to
proprietary software.

Open source is also the answer to the incompatible formats in


proprietary software, because it only uses open standards, that is,
standards that are known or are accessible to all the people.

don’t need anti-piracy measures, such as CD keys, product


activation and serial keys.
Cons:

Open source software has been focused to provide


solutions to servers rather than to desktop computers. As
a result, adoption in the desktop arena is much slower.

The advantages of OSS outweigh its disadvantages


Open source trends and perspectives

•A well known example is the LAMP stack – LAMP being Linux,


Apache, MySQL® and PHP/Perl/Python

•Eclipse was developed by IBM in 2001, and donated to the


open source community in 2004. Today, Eclipse is one of the
widest IDEs in use worldwide.

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