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32 - IO and Their Brief Description, Bus Interface

The document discusses input-output interfaces in computing systems. It describes how peripheral devices connect to the CPU via an I/O bus and interface modules. The I/O subsystem allows communication between the faster electronic CPU and slower electro-mechanical peripheral devices. It also distinguishes between isolated and memory-mapped I/O, where the latter uses the same address space for memory and I/O, instead of separate address spaces. An example interface is also shown using chip selects and register selects to control data transfer between I/O devices and the internal CPU bus.

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Prashant Rawat
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130 views14 pages

32 - IO and Their Brief Description, Bus Interface

The document discusses input-output interfaces in computing systems. It describes how peripheral devices connect to the CPU via an I/O bus and interface modules. The I/O subsystem allows communication between the faster electronic CPU and slower electro-mechanical peripheral devices. It also distinguishes between isolated and memory-mapped I/O, where the latter uses the same address space for memory and I/O, instead of separate address spaces. An example interface is also shown using chip selects and register selects to control data transfer between I/O devices and the internal CPU bus.

Uploaded by

Prashant Rawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INPUT-OUTPUT INTERFACE

BY : PRASHANT RAWAT
TOPICS
 Peripheral Devices
 ASCII Alphanumeric Characters
 Input-Output interface
 I/O Bus and Interface Module
 I/O versus Memory Bus
 Isolated Versus Memory Bus
 Example of I/O Interface
 Summary
PERIPHERAL DEVICES

 A device used to put information into or get information out of the


computer.
 Types of Peripheral Devices
 Input Devices i.e. (mouse, keyboard)
 Output Devices i.e. (Monitor, printer)
 Input/output Devices i.e. (touch screen device)
 Peripheral device generally defines as any auxiliary device such as
computer mouse or keyboard.

 Other examples of Peripheral Devices.


 Image scanner, Tape drivers, digital cameras, Webcams, Microphones,
Loudspeakers, digital watches, tablet computers, smartphones etc.
 Common Input Devices
 Barcode readers, light pens, keyboards, computer mouse, touchscreens, digital
cameras, etc.
 Common Output Devices
 Computer displays, printers, projectors, computer speakers, etc.
ASCII Alphanumeric Characters
 Stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
 Standard seven bit code that was first proposed by American
National Standards Institute or ANSI in 1963 and finalized in
1968 as ANSI Standard 3.4.

 WHY ASCII?
 To provide a standard to (visible or invisible) code various symbol.
 In ASCII, each binary value (0 -127) represents a specific character.
 Assigns standard numeric values to
letters, numbers, punctuation
marks and other characters such as
control codes.
 Example: ‘A’ is represented by decimal
number ’65’.

 Generally computer converts


human understandable language
into binary language with help of
ASCII character set.
 Computer can read only binary
numbers i.e. 0 & 1.
INPUT- OUTPUT INTERFACE
 Interface is the point of contact between two parts of the system.
 Computer systems include special hardware components between
CPU and peripherals to supervise or synchronize all input and
output transfer.
 I/O subsystem or interface provides efficient mode of
communication.
PERIPHERALS CPU

Electro-mechanical and electro-magnetic Electronic device


device.
Data transfer rate is slower. Data transfer rate is faster.

Data in form of codes. Data in form of words.


I/O Bus Data
Address
Processor
Control

Interface Interface Interface Interface

Keyboard and
display Printer Magnetic disk Magnetic tape
terminal

Fig 1.1 Connection of I/O bus to input-output devices


 I/O bus consist of three lines.
 Data lines.
 Address lines.
 Control lines.

 Each peripheral device is associated with an interface unit.


 It also synchronizes the data flow and supervise the transfer
between peripherals and processors.
 Types of Commands

 Control command
 Status command
 Data output command
 Data input command
I/O VERSUS MEMORY BUS
I/O bus

1880 Mbps 1056 Mbps


Memory

CPU
Crossbar

 CPU accesses physical memory over a bus.


 Devices access memory over I/O bus with DMA.
 Devices can appear to be a region of memory.
ISOLATED VERSUS MEMOERY-MAPPED I/O
 Isolated I/O:
 Separate all I/O interface addresses from memory addresses.
 CPU has distinct input and Output instructions.
 Memory address and I/O address has its own address space.

 Memory- Mapped I/O


 Same address space used for both memory and I/O.
 No specific I/O instruction.
 Used same instruction for both I/O transfer and memory transfer.
Bidirectional I/O data
Port A
Data bus Bus Buffers Register

I/O data
Chip select Port B
CS Register
EXAMPLE OF I/O INTERFACE
RS1
Register select Timing Control
RS0 Control
and register
control

Internal bus
I/O read
RD
Status
I/O write WR Status register

To CPU To I/O device

CS RS1 RS2 Register selected


0 X X None: data bus in high - impedance
1 0 0 Port A register
1 0 1 Port B register
1 1 0 Control register
1 1 1 Status register
Let’s Summarize…!!!

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