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3 Elements of Computer System

There are six main elements that make up a computer system: hardware, software, people, procedures, data, and connectivity. Hardware refers to the physical and tangible components like keyboards, monitors, and printers. Software includes operating systems, applications, and programs. People include programmers, system analysts, and end-users. Procedures provide instructions for hardware, software, and internal system operations. Data is the raw facts and figures input into the system, while connectivity allows linking computers to share information and resources over networks.

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Claret Amor
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120 views

3 Elements of Computer System

There are six main elements that make up a computer system: hardware, software, people, procedures, data, and connectivity. Hardware refers to the physical and tangible components like keyboards, monitors, and printers. Software includes operating systems, applications, and programs. People include programmers, system analysts, and end-users. Procedures provide instructions for hardware, software, and internal system operations. Data is the raw facts and figures input into the system, while connectivity allows linking computers to share information and resources over networks.

Uploaded by

Claret Amor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elements of Computer

System
Module 4
Elements of a Computer System

There are six main elements that make up a computer system. They all interact with each other and perform
the task at hand

1] Hardware
These are all the physical aspects of a computer system. They are tangible, i.e. you can see and
touch them. Hardware components are the electronic or mechanical instruments, like keyboard,
monitor, printer etc. They help the users interface with the software, and also display the result of
the tasks being performed.
Hardware can actually be of four types

● Input Hardware: For users to input data into the computer system. Examples: Keyboard, mouse,
Scanner
● Output Hardware: To translate and display the result of the data processing =. Example: Monitor
Screen, Printer etc
● Processing and Memory Hardware: Where data and information are processed and manipulated
to perform the task at hand. It is also the workspace of the computer, where it temporarily stores
data. Examples: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Read Only Memory (RAM)
● Secondary Storage Hardware: Where the computer system stores data permanently. Example:
Harddisk, Pendrive etc
2] Software
Software is nothing but a set of programmes (computer instructions), which helps the user to do a set of specific tasks. It
helps the user interact with the computer system with the help of hardware. Software, as you can imagine, is the intangible
aspect of the computer system.

Basically, there are six main types of software, which are as follows,

● Operating System: These specialized programmes allow the communication between software and
hardware. The operating systems run all the other computer programmes, and even regulate the
startup process of the computer. Examples: Windows XP, Macintosh etc
● Application Software: These are designed to perform a specific task or a bunch of tasks. They can be
user-designed (specific to the user’s needs) or readymade application software. Example:
PowerPoint, Tally etc.
2] Software
Utility Software: Like operating systems, it is a system software. It helps maintain and protect the computer
system. For example, Anti-virus software is a utility software.

Language Processors: Software that interprets computer language and translates it into machine language. It
also checks for errors in language syntax and fixes the problems.

System Software: This types of software control the hardware, the reading of the data and other such internal
functions.

Connectivity Software: The special software that facilitates the connection between the computer system and the
server. This allows the computer to share information and communicate with each other.
3 ] People
The people interacting with the computer system are also an element of it. We call this element the Liveware.
They are the ultimate “users” of the computer systems. There are three types of people that interact with the system,
namely

● Programmers: Professionals who write the computer programs that allow users to interact with
the computer. They must have technical knowledge of computers and computer languages.
● System Analyst: They mainly design data processing systems, and solve problems that arise in
data processing
● End-Users: Also known as operators, they are the people who interact with the computer system.
4] Procedures

These are a set of instructions, written in code, to instruct a computer on how to perform a task,
run a software, do calculations etc. There are three types of procedures in a computer They are,

● Hardware-Oriented Procedure: Instructs the hardware components of the system,


ensures they work smoothly
● Software Oriented Procedure: Provides instructions to launch and run software
programs
● Internal Procedures: Directs the flow of information and sequences the data
5] Data
Data is essentially the raw facts and figures that we input in the computer. The data gets processed
via the computer system and becomes information, which is processed and organized data.
Information can then be used for decision-making purposes.

The measurement of data is done in terms of “bytes”. One kilobyte (KB) is approximately 1000
bytes, 1 megabyte (MB) is 1 million bytes and finally, 1 gigabyte (GB) is approximately 1 billion
bytes.
6] Connectivity

This is when the computers are linked to a network. It facilitates sharing of


information, files, and other facilities. Computers can connect to a network
via LAN cables, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, satellites etc. The internet is the most
obvious example of connectivity in a computer system.

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