INSTITUTE UIE

DEPARTMENT ACADEMIC UNIT-1

Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Subject Name Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab
Subject Code 21ELH-101
Prepared By
Akhil Nigam
Experiment 3
To Study voltage-current relationship in a Series RL Circuit & to determine
the power factor of the circuit

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Course
Objectives
S. No. Objectives

1 To meet students with basic knowledge of dc circuits, electromagnetism and ac fundamentals.

To aware about introduction to single and three phase ac circuit with their construction and
2 working principles.

3 To provide knowledge about electrical and electronics engineering fundamentals.

4 To acquire specific knowledge skills so as to comprehend how electric, magnetic and electronic
circuits are applied in practice.
https://library.automationdirect.com/basic-el
ectrical-theory/

2
 Course Outcomes
CO
Numbe Title Level
r

Identify the different types of electrical elements and the basic op-amp
CO1 circuit elements and to illustrate the various types of motors, transducers Remember
and batteries.

Understand basic principles of transformers, transducers, op-amps, DC

CO2 and AC motors and to compare the different methods for analyzing Understand
electrical and magnetic circuits.

Derive the relationships between parameters in electric and magnetic

CO3 Analyze
circuits and motors and to determine specifications of op-amps.

Solve the basic problems related to electric circuits, magnetic circuits and
CO4 motors and to assess the characteristics of different configurations of op- Evaluate
amps. https://library.automationdirect.com/basic-el
ectrical-theory/
Design the different applications of transducers, motors as well as the op-
CO5 amps like adders, subtractor and comparators. Create

3
 Objective
• The objective of this lab activity is to study voltage-current
relationship in a series RL circuit and to determine the power factor of
the circuit.

4
 Apparatus Required
S.No. Apparatus Name Specification & Rating Quantities in No.

1. 1- AC supply 230 V 1
2. 1- Variac 0 – 270 V, 15 A 1
3. AC wattmeter 0 – 300 V, 5 A, 750 W 1
4. AC Analog ammeter 0–5A 1
5. AC Analog voltmeter 0 – 300 V 1
6. Variable resistive load 230 V, 1 kW 1
7. Variable inductive load 230 V 1
8. Connecting wires As per requirement
5
 Theory
• An AC series circuit consisting of a resistor and an inductor is shown in
figure I is the current flowing through the resistor and the inductor.
• The voltage drop across the resistor and the inductor is VR and VL
respectively.
• The Phasor sum of these two voltages will be equal to the applied
voltage.
• In a resistive circuit the voltage and current are in phase. In a pure
inductive circuit the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees.

6
 Auto Transformer
• An autotransformer (or auto
transformer) is a type of electrical
transformer with only one winding.
• In an auto transformer, one single
winding is used as primary winding as
well as secondary winding.
• An auto transformer has higher
efficiency than two winding transformer.
This is because of less ohmic loss and
core loss due to reduction of transformer
Fig.1 Auto transformer
material. https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-an-auto-transformer.html

7
 Voltmeter
• A voltmeter is an instrument used for
measuring electric potential difference
between two points in an electric
circuit. 
• t is connected in parallel. It usually has
a high resistance so that it takes a
negligible current from the circuit.
• The voltmeter constructs in such a
manner that their internal resistance
always remains high. If it connects in
series with the circuit, it minimizes the Fig.2 Voltmeter
https://circuitglobe.com/voltmeter.html
current which flows because of the
measurand voltage. 8
 Ammeter
• The meter uses for measuring the
current is known as the ammeter.
• The current is the flow of electrons
whose unit is ampere. Hence the
instrument which measures the flows
of current in ampere is known as
ampere meter or ammeter.
• The ideal ammeter has zero internal
resistance. But practically the
ammeter has small internal resistance.
Fig.3 Ammeter
The measuring range of the ammeter https://circuitglobe.com/ammeter.html
depends on the value of resistance.
9
 Wattmeter
• Wattmeter is an electric
instrument which is used to measure
the electric power of various electric
circuits. 
• It consists of a current coil and
a voltage coil.
• These instruments are widely used
in transmission and distribution of
electric power and these are also used
for protection purposes. Fig.4 Wattmeter
https://circuitglobe.com/low-power-factor-wattmeter.html

10
Circuit Diagram of Series RL Circuit

Fig.5 Series RL circuit

11
 Calculation
• W =VI Cosϕ----------------------------------------eq. (i)
• Power factor, Cosϕ = [W/(VI)] ---------------eq. (ii)
• Therefore, ϕ = Cos-1[W/(VI)] ------------------eq.(iii)

12
 Observation Table

Power P (W)
Voltage
Voltage across coil
Supply voltage across Vcoil (V) Current
Sr.
Vs (V) resistor VR I (A)
(V)

13
 Learning Outcomes
• At the end of this experiment students able to make series
connections.
• Students familiar with circuit components like wattmeter, ammeter,
and voltmeter.
• Students able to measure current, voltage and power of the circuit.
• Students able to calculate impedance of the circuit.

14
 Viva Voice Questions
• What do you mean by choke coil? Why the name is given so?
• Why power waveform is not symmetrical to X – axis in R – L circuit?
• Give the significance of active, reactive and apparent power.
• Why AC meter always measure RMS value of quantity being
measured?
• What is significance of voltage and reactance triangle?
• Draw vector diagram for R – L series circuit when fed by DC supply.

15
 Summary
Introduction to series RL circuit.
Demonstration of series RL circuit.
Calculation of series RL circuit.

16
 Course Outcome to Program Outcome
Relationship
(21ELH-101) BEEE
PO→

CO↓ PO PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
1

CO1 3 2 3

CO2 3 2 3

CO3 3 2 3

CO4 3 2 3

CO5 3 2 3

17
 Assessment Pattern

A B C D E F G
Worksheet Post Lab(each Student Mid Semester Homework Discussion Attendance
completion experiment) Engagement Test(one per Forums (each and
(each in test) experiment) engagement
practical) Simulation/D Score on BB
emonstration
/Pre Lab
questions(eac
h experiment)
10 5 5 20 NA 4 NA

18
 References
https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-an-auto-transformer.html [1]
https://circuitglobe.com/voltmeter.html [2]
https://circuitglobe.com/ammeter.html [3]
https://circuitglobe.com/low-power-factor-wattmeter.html [4]

19
 Other References
• Books: [1]Basic of Electrical Engineering, T. K. Nagsarkar and M. S.Sukhija,2013 ,2 nd edition
[2]Theory and problems of Basic Electrical Engineering, J. Nagrath and Kothari, 2012, 2 nd edition
[3] A Textbook of Electrical Technology, B.L Theraja,2010,Vol 1
[4] Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Smarjith Ghosh,2013,1 st edition

• E-Books: [1]
http://www.opentextbooks.org.hk/system/files/export/9/9648/pdf/Fundamentals_of_Electrical_Engineering_I_9648.
pdf
[2] file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/Basic%20Electrical%20Engineering%20(%20PDFDrive.com%20).pdf
• Websites: [1] https://www.electrical4u.com/rl-series-circuit/
[2] https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/inductor/lr-circuits.html
[3] https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-rl-series-circuit.html

• Videos: [1] https://youtu.be/-yeZ20OEFUw

[2] https://youtu.be/nPxHPFFWAjE
[3] https://youtu.be/S10B0Y0HxZg 20
THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]