Cardiopulmonary: Hafsa Siddiqui Ifrah Laiq Maham Fazal Ur Rahman

CARDIOPULMONARY
HAFSA SIDDIQUI
IFRAH LAIQ
MAHAM FAZAL UR RAHMAN
COMMON CARDIOPULMONARY DISORDERS
• Coronary artery disease

• Angina pectoris
• Myocardial infarction
• Hypertension
• Cardiac arrest
• Bronchitis
• COPD
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
• Abnormal condition
affecting arteries of heart.
• Reduction of oxygen and
nutrient flow to
myocardium.
• Atherosclerosis is the
most common type of this
disease.
• Classic symptom is angina
pectoris.
ANGINA PECTORIS
• Due to atherosclerosis or
spasm of coronary artery there
is a sudden outburst of chest
pain.
• Pain due to myocardial anoxia.
• Pain radiates along neck,
shoulder, jaw and down the
left arm.
• Suffocation
• Emotional stress, eating,
exertion and exposure to
intense cold.
• Pain is relieved by rest and
vasodilators
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
• Coronary artery flow interruption
long enough to cause tissue
necrosis.
• Sudden and severe left sided
chest pain
• Heart attack
• Leading cause of death
• Obstruction due to plaque, spasm
and thrombus in coronary artery.
• Causes are family history, alcohol,
smoking, elevated cholesterol
levels, hypertension e.t.c.
HYPERTENSION
• Elevation of diastolic or systolic
BP
• Two types of hypertension
primary and
secondary…..primary is more
common
• Secondary due to other reasons
like renal disease
• Risk factors like aging, family
history, obesity, high Na and
saturated fats, stress, alcohol
sedentary life style, diabetes
tobacco e.t.c.
HEART FAILURE
• Inability of heart to
contract with enough force
to circulate the blood
throughout the body.
• Dysfunction of left ventricle
is the most common cause.
• The most common form is
the congestive heart failure
because of congestion of
fluid in lungs and
extremities.
CARDIAC ARREST
• sudden cessation of cardiac
output and effective
circulation
• O2 supply an CO2 removal
ceases
• Cells metabolism becomes
anaerobic and leads to
respiratory acidosis
• CPR is required to prevent
damage and death of vital
organs
• Cardiopulmonary arrest
BRONCHITIS
• Inflammation of mucus membrane of the
bronchi.
• It is a type of COPD of larger airways
• Excessive mucus secretions and coughing
• Reasons can be viral infection and smoking
• Risk factors are air pollution, smoking,
heredity and reduced lung function.
COPD
• An umbrella term used too describe
progressive lung disease including
emphysema, asthma, etc
• Characterized by increases breathlessness,
frequent coughing, wheezing, tightness in the
chest.
• Risk factors includes smoking, fumes, dust and
genetics
SCREENING OF
CARDIOPULMONARY DISORDERS
WHAT IS SCREENING?
• Screening is essentially checking for pathology
when there are no symptoms of disease.
• A screening often includes simple measures to
identify risk factors for illness and is used to
determine the need for further examination.
SCREENING
TESTS……….
Cardiopulmonary • It is a non-invasive tool that
exercise testing provides a comprehensive
(CPET), also known evaluation of exercise responses
as cardiopulmonary involving the cardiovascular,
exercise stress pulmonary, hematopoietic, and
musculoskeletal systems
testing.
USAGE OF CPET
CPET
• 12-lead
oxygen
uptake carbon blood
electroca
(VO2) dioxide minute pressure rdiograp
pulse (BP)
output ventila oxim monitori hy (ECG)
(VCO2) tion etry ng
(VE)
PURPOSE OF CPET
• First-line diagnostic test of persons presenting
with possible cardiac or pulmonary pathology
• Asthma, chest pain/early-stage ischemic heart
disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension
• Cardiopulmonary exercise testing may
be carried out on a treadmill or bicycle
ergometer.
PROTOCOL OF CPET
• .
Resting measurements are made for 3 to
5 minutes; followed by 3 minutes
of unloaded cycling as a warm-up period
The workload is then increased at a rate

designed to allow reaching maximum work
capacity in 8 to 12 minutes
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
• Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are a group of
tests that measure how well your lungs work.
This includes how well you’re able to breathe
and how effective your lungs are able to bring
oxygen to the rest of your body.
• Your doctor may order these tests:
if you’re having symptoms of lung problems
PURPOSE OF PFTS
PFTs can help
diagnose:
asthma COPD
respiratory
infections
chronic lung
bronchitis fibrosis
Prevention of
cardiovascular
diseases
Look before you eat
• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables.
• Whole grain product should be preferred
• Choose non fat or low fat products.
• Use less fat meat ,chicken ,fish and lean cut.
• Switch to fat free milk ,toned or skimmed milk.
• Limit food high in calories and low in nutrition.
• Eat less then 6 gms of salt each day.
Cooking oils:the mystery of:
Saturated fatty acid: Increase cholesterol-it
should be avoided.
eg: ghee, coconut oil.
Monounsaturated fatty acid:keep heart
healthy.
Eg :olive oil, ground oil,canola oil,mustard oil.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid:keep the healty.
Eg : sunflower oil, soyabean oil.
Omega 3 fatty acid: fish oil.
EXERCISE
• Reduce incidence of obesity.
• High HDL and low LDL and total cholesterol.
• Help control diabetes and hypertension.
• Mortality is halved in man who walk 2-3 miles every day.
• Someone who is inactive has a great risk of having heart
disease then the one who smoke or have high cholesterol
and BP.
• With regular exercise, blood pressure as those in
hypertension patient is reduced to as much as 20mmHg
SMOKING
STOP SMOKING
NOW!!!!!
Within
three
months of Smell
quitting and
smoking The risk of taste
smokers coronary heart improve
cough disease decrease d within
disappear within one year of
days.
within quitting the
years. smoking and
decrease to a non
smoker level
within 2 years.
CONTROLLING BLOOD
PRESSURE
• Adults should have their blood pressure checked
routinely.Normal limits 120/80 mmHg should be
maintained.
If high:
 modify your lifestyle changes-Diet, exercise,
weight ,salt restriction.
 adhere to prescribed medication to decrease
chances of heart disease, don’t stop medication
without consultation to your doctors.
Controlling blood sugars
Adult If high:
Normal blood Modify the lifestyle,
should
have their sugars level: weight,diet.
Adhere to the
blood Fasting:<100
sugars prescribed medication.
checked
After Do not adhere to the
regularly. meals:<140 medication without
consulting your doctor.

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CARDIOPULMONARY

• Coronary artery disease

The workload is then increased at a rate

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