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07 - Android Architecture

The Android architecture consists of the Linux kernel at the bottom providing core system services like memory management and device drivers. Above this is the Android runtime based on the Dalvik VM for running Android applications. Next are the Android libraries providing APIs for application development. The Application Framework provides services for application lifecycle management and inter-process communication. Finally, applications themselves sit at the top level.

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90 views11 pages

07 - Android Architecture

The Android architecture consists of the Linux kernel at the bottom providing core system services like memory management and device drivers. Above this is the Android runtime based on the Dalvik VM for running Android applications. Next are the Android libraries providing APIs for application development. The Application Framework provides services for application lifecycle management and inter-process communication. Finally, applications themselves sit at the top level.

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Veeresh Nikee
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Android Architecture

Linux Kernel
• The Linux Kernel provides a level of abstraction between the device
hardware and the upper layers of the Android software stack.
• Based on Linux version 2.6, the kernel provides multitasking, low-
level core system services such as memory, process and power
management in addition to providing a network stack and device
drivers for hardware such as the device display, Wi-Fi and audio.
• The efficiency and performance of the Linux kernel that we find this
software at the heart of the Android software stack.
Android Runtime - ART
• This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual
Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed
and optimized for Android.
• The Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like memory
management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java
language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in
its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine.
• The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which
enable Android application developers to write Android applications
using standard Java programming language.
Android Libraries
• These are a set of Java-based libraries that are specific to Android
development.
• A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the
Android developer is as follows:
• android.content: Facilitates content access, publishing and messaging
between applications and application components.
• android.database: Used to access data published by content providers and
includes SQLite database management classes.
• android.print: Includes a set of classes that enable content to be sent to
configured printers from within Android applications.
Android Libraries
• android.graphics: A low-level 2D graphics drawing API including colors,
points, filters, rectangles and canvases.
• android.hardware: Presents an API providing access to hardware such as the
accelerometer and light sensor.
• android.os: Provides applications with access to standard operating system
services including messages, system services and inter-process
communication.
• android.media: Provides classes to enable playback of audio and video.
• android.net: A set of APIs providing access to the network stack. Includes
android.net.wifi, which provides access to the device’s wireless stack.
Android Libraries
• android.provider: A set of convenience classes that provide access to
standard Android content provider databases such as those maintained by
the calendar and contact applications.
• android.text: Used to render and manipulate text on a device display.
• android.util: A set of utility classes for performing tasks such as string and
number conversion, XML handling and date and time manipulation.
• android.view: The fundamental building blocks of application user
interfaces.
• android.widget: A rich collection of pre-built user interface components
such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc.
• android.webkit: A set of classes intended to allow web-browsing capabilities
to be built into applications.
Application Framework
• The Application Framework is a set of services that collectively form
the environment in which Android applications run and are managed.
• The Android framework includes the following key services:
• Activity Manager: Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and
activity stack.
• Content Providers: Allows applications to publish and share data with other
applications.
• Resource Manager: Provides access to non-code embedded resources such
as strings, color settings and user interface layouts.
• Notifications Manager: Allows applications to display alerts and
notifications to the user.
Application Framework
• View System: An extensible set of views used to create application user
interfaces.
• Package Manager: The system by which applications are able to find out
information about other applications currently installed on the device.
• Telephony Manager: Provides information to the application about the
telephony services available on the device such as status and subscriber
information.
• Location Manager: Provides access to the location services allowing an
application to receive updates about location changes.
Applications
• Located at the top of the Android software stack are the
applications.
• These comprise both the native applications provided with the
particular Android implementation and the third party applications
installed by the user after purchasing the device.

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