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    Lab 2

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    Dhanya Prasannan
    C# types include value types like integers and floating point numbers, reference types like strings, and user-defined types. Types determine an object's size, attributes, and operations. Variables must be declared with a specific type and initialized before use. Different types are suited for different purposes like storing numbers, characters, or performing calculations. Type safety is enforced by the compiler.

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    Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    Dhanya Prasannan
    17 views26 pages
    C# types include value types like integers and floating point numbers, reference types like strings, and user-defined types. Types determine an object's size, attributes, and operations. Variables must be declared with a specific type and initialized before use. Different types are suited for different purposes like storing numbers, characters, or performing calculations. Type safety is enforced by the compiler.

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    C# types include value types like integers and floating point numbers, reference types like strings, and user-defined types. Types determine an object's size, attributes, and operations. Variables must be declared with a specific type and initialized before use. Different types are suited for different purposes like storing numbers, characters, or performing calculations. Type safety is enforced by the compiler.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    17 views26 pages

    Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    Dhanya Prasannan
    C# types include value types like integers and floating point numbers, reference types like strings, and user-defined types. Types determine an object's size, attributes, and operations. Variables must be declared with a specific type and initialized before use. Different types are suited for different purposes like storing numbers, characters, or performing calculations. Type safety is enforced by the compiler.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    C# Types

    What is a type?
    The type of an object indicates
    the class from which an object
    was created. It indicates its
    size, attributes and operations
    (methods).
    Types Below the Language Level
    • In .NET Typing and type info exists at the
    intermediate code level.
    • You can create types in one language and
    use them in another.
    Choosing a data type
    Obviously, you will choose a numeric type if you are
    working with numbers. Choose a type that matches the
    range of numbers you are working with.
    If you are storing lots of numbers, choosing an appropriate
    type can save lots of space.
    Mathematical operations work faster on some numeric types
    than others.
    Some types have more significant digits than others.
    C# vs. C++
    Types are split into two categories.

    Value Types

    User Types
    .NET objects
    All types in .net give you a common syntax
    format for use.

    The dot notation


    Integral types
    • There are a number of integral types
    – byte 0-255
    – sbyte -128 to 127
    – char 0- 65535 (used for individual
    characters)
    – short-32768 to +32767
    – ushort 0 - 65635
    – int -2,147,438,648 to + 2,147,438,647
    – uint 0 – 429,967,295
    – long ( a value in excess of 18 digits)
    – ulong ( a really big positive integer)
    Floating Point Types
    • double –1797699313486231570 * 10^308
    – To –4.94065645841246544 * 10 ^ -324 for negatives
    – +4.94065645841246544 * 10 ^ -324 to
    – +1797699313486231570 * 10^308 for positives

    • float -3.4028235 * 10 ^ 38 to
    – - 1.401298 * 10 ^ -45 for negative numbers

    +1.401298 * 10 ^ -45 to +3.4028235 * 10 ^ 38 for positive


    numbers
    Strings

    • string a full fledged type


    – A string is a variable length and can hold up to
    2 billion characters (immutable)
    – Not like C or C++

    string x = “abcd”;
    Literals and types
    • By default a whole number like 45 will be
    treated as an int. An integer times an integer
    will yield an integer. Operations can only
    be done on like numeric types (so some
    calculations require converted values).
    • This can create problems.
    3000 * 1000000  won’t fit in an integer
    Overflow
    Checked and Unchecked

    3000 * 1000000  won’t fit in an integer


    Literals and types
    • Adding a suffix to a literal can force it to
    the type you want.
    • 45L is a long
    • 45.6 is by default a double
    • 45.6f Is a float
    • (you will find more of these in the help)
    • “string literals must be enclosed in quotes”

    string s = “here is a string”;

    string s = s + “efg”;
    char type
    • Unicode (each character is 2 bytes)
    char letter = '\u0041'; //Hex
    • Escape sequences
    letter = '\t'; // tab
    letter = '\\'; // a backslash character
    – '\n' newline
    – '\”' a quote see table in the text.
    Declaring variables
    • int age = 3;
    • long minutes = 4000000000;
    • short k = 30000;
    • byte s = 255;
    • double distanceToSun =
    93000000*5280*12;
    • float rootBeer = 2.55f;
    Assignment
    • int x;
    • int k = 5;
    • k = k*x; // fails
    • C# requires definite assignment.
    • all variables must be assigned before use
    Constants
    • const int MAXAGE = 17;

    • constants must be initialized when declared.


    Enumerations
    enum FormState
    {
    NoData = 0,
    Update,
    Browse,
    Add
    }
    FormState fs;

    fs = FormState.Browse;

    if (fs = = FormState.Browse)
    {
    // do something
    }
    White Space
    • spaces
    • tabs
    • newlines

    • white space is ignored by the compiler


    Statements
    • A complete instruction in C#
    • ends with a semicolon ;

    • int x = 8;
    Identifiers
    Variable names cannot be reserved words.

    Thus int int;


    cannot be a variable.

    Use camel notation for variable names.


    … int theAccountNumber;
    Capitalize the first letter of class names and
    methods.
    Using some string methods
    string a = “abcde”;
    char[] cs = a.ToCharArray();
    char b = cs[0]; // get first character
    char c = cs[cs.GetUpperBound(0)]; // last char
    a = a.ToUpper();
    a = a.ToLower();
    String.Format Method
    • Use the string format method to build an
    output string that will hold the results from
    more than one variable.

    Str = string.Format(“{0} is {1}”, a, b);


    // if a contains “Bob” and b contains 12 then
    Str = “Bob is 12”
    IF
    if ( expression)
    statement or block;
    else
    statement or block;
    blocks
    Blocks begin and end with curly braces and can contain
    multiple statements.

    if ( a > 0 )
    {
    Console.WriteLine(“a is greater than 0”);
    Console.WriteLine(“Hurrah”);
    }

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