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Visible Surface Detection All

This document discusses various methods for detecting visible surfaces in 3D computer graphics, including object-space and image-space approaches. It provides details on back-face detection, depth-buffer, BSP-tree, and area-subdivision methods. The depth-buffer method compares surface depth values at each pixel and the BSP-tree method identifies surfaces behind partitioning planes to determine visibility. The area-subdivision method successively divides the view plane into smaller areas belonging to single surfaces.

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134 views21 pages

Visible Surface Detection All

This document discusses various methods for detecting visible surfaces in 3D computer graphics, including object-space and image-space approaches. It provides details on back-face detection, depth-buffer, BSP-tree, and area-subdivision methods. The depth-buffer method compares surface depth values at each pixel and the BSP-tree method identifies surfaces behind partitioning planes to determine visibility. The area-subdivision method successively divides the view plane into smaller areas belonging to single surfaces.

Uploaded by

palanirec
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Visible surface

Detection
Method

Mr. Dhiraj Rane


Outline

 Classification of Visible-Surface Detection Algorithms


 Back-Face Detection
 Depth-Buffer Method
 A-Buffer Method
 Scan-Line Method
 Depth-Sorting Method
 BSP-Tree Method
 Area-Subdivision Method
 Octree Methods
 Ray-Casting Method
 Comparison of Visibility-Detection Methods
 Wire-Frame Visibility Methods
 OpenGL Visibility-Detection Functions

2
Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics
3
Classification of Visible- Surface Detection Algorithms

 2 approaches
 Object-Space Method
 Compares objects and parts of objects to each other
within the scene
 Determine surface as a whole
 Image-Space Method
 Visibility is decided point by point at each pixel position on
the projection plane
 Most visibility-surface algorithms use image-space
methods

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


4
Back-Face Detection
 A fast and simple object-space method
 Find the faces on the backs of polyhedral and discard them
 A point is behind a polygon surface if
– Ax + By + Cz + D < 0

Vview
.N>0
 Back-face test by considering the direction of the normal vector for a
polygon surface
 A polygon is a back face if

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


5
Back-Face Detection (2)

 Right-handed viewing system


 If object is converted to projection coordinates
and viewing direction is parallel to zv axis,
 Only consider the z component of the normal vector N
 N = (A, B, C)
 A polygon is back face if C<=0

 Similarly, left-handed system, back face if C >= 0

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


6
Ex. Back-Face Detection

y yview xview
zvie
N(3,2,6)
B(0,3,0)
3x+2y+6z -6=0

C(0,0,1) A(2,0,0)
z x

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


7
Back-Face Detection (3)

 Complete visibility test for nonoverlapping


convex polyhedra

 For concave polygon, more test must be


carried out to determine whether there
are additional faces that are totally or
partially obscured by other faces

 For a general scene, back-face removal


can be expected to eliminate about half of
the polygon surfaces in a scene from
further visibility tests

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


8
Depth-Buffer Method

 Image-space approach
 Compares surface depth
values throughout a
scene from each pixel
position on the projection
plane
 Also called the z-buffer
method
 Depth is measured along
the z-axis

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


9
Depth-Buffer Method (2)

 2 buffer areas are required


 A depth buffer
 Stores depth values for each (x, y) position
 Frame buffer (Refresh buffer)
 Stores the surface-color values for each pixel position
 Calculated depth is compared with the stored value, if it is less
than value in the depth buffer, the new value is stored
 Algorithm
1. Initialize the depth and frame buffer
 depthBuff(x, y) = 1.0, frameBuff(x, y) = backgndColor
2. Process each polygon in a scene
 For each projected (x, y) pixel, calculate the depth z
 If z < depthBuff(x, y), compute the surface color
 depthBuff(x, y) = z, frameBuff(x, y) = surfColor(x, y)

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


10
Depth-Buffer Method (3)

 Calculate the depth of any point on the plane containing the polygon
 A surface position (x, y) from plane equation
z = (-Ax-By-D)/C
 Depth z’ of (x+1, y)
z’ = [-A(x+1)-By-D]/C, z’ = z-A/C
 Depth z’ of (x-1/m, y-1)
z’ = [-A(x-1/m)-B(y-1)-D]/C, z’ = z+(A/m+B)/C
 Depth z’ of (x, y-1)
z’ = [-Ax-B(y-1)-D]/C, z’ = z+B/C

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


11
BSP-Tree Method

 Painting surfaces into frame buffer from back


to front – painter’s algorithm
 Useful when the view reference point
changes, but the objects in a scene are at
fixed positions
 Visibility testing involves identifying surfaces
behind or in front of the partitioning plane
at each step of the space subdivision

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


12
BSP-Tree Method

 When BSP tree is complete, process the tree from


the right nodes to the left nodes

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


13
BSP-Tree Method

5 3
5a
2
5b
3 4
1
1
2 5b
4
5a

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


14
BSP-Tree Method

5 3
5a front back
2
5b
3 2 4
1 front back
5b
4
5a 1

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


15
BSP-Tree Method

5 3
5a front back
2
5b
3 2 4
1 front back back

4
5a 1 5b

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


Area-Subdivision Method

Image-space method
 Take advantage of coherence, by locating projection

areas that represent part of a single surface


 By successively dividing the total view- plane area

into smaller and smaller rectangular


 An easy way is to successively divide the area into 4 equal
parts at each step
 Each rectangular contains the projection of part of a
single visible surface

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


Area-Subdivision Method (2)
 First, test if the view is sufficiently
complex
 Yes, subdivide it
 Test to each smaller areas, subdividing if a
single surface is still uncertain
 Continue until subdivisions are easily
analysed as belonging to a single surface
or reached the resolution limit

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


Area-Subdivision Method (3)

 Relationship between a surface and an area of the subdivided view


plane
 Surrounding surface
 Completely encloses the area
 Overlapping surface
 Partly inside and partly outside the area
 Inside surface
 Completely inside the area
 Outside surface
 Completely outside the area

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


Area-Subdivision Method (4)
 Test for determining surface visibility within a
rectangular area
 No further subdivisions if one of the following
conditions is true
 Condition 1: All surfaces are outside the area
 Condition 2: An area has only one inside,
overlapping, or surrounding
 Condition 3: An area has one surrounding surface
that obscures all other surfaces

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


Area-Subdivision Method (5)
 Condition 1 test by comparing coordinate extents of
each surface
 Condition 2 usually require intersection tests
 Condition 3
 test by sorting surfaces according to minimum depth from view
plane
 Use plane equation to calculate depth values at four vertices of
the area for all surrounding, inside, overlapping surfaces
 Once a surface has been identified as an outside or
surrounding, it will remain in that category for all
subdivisions of the area

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics


Area-Subdivision Method (6)
 As a variation
 Subdivision along surface boundaries instead of
dividing them in half
 In general, fewer subdivisions are required, but
more processing is needed to subdivide and to
analyse the relation of surfaces

Mr. Dhiraj Rane Computer Graphics

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