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Module6 Fluid Mechanics

This document discusses fundamental concepts of fluid flow, including: - Path lines and streamlines represent the paths of particles in flowing fluids. Laminar flow occurs when path lines do not intersect, while turbulent flow occurs when path lines cross. - Discharge is the volume of fluid passing a cross-section per unit time. It can be calculated using the equation Q = VA, where Q is discharge, V is mean velocity, and A is cross-sectional area. - Steady flow has constant discharge over time at a given cross-section, while unsteady flow has varying discharge. Uniform flow has constant average velocity at all cross-sections.

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Paolo Martinez PH
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224 views23 pages

Module6 Fluid Mechanics

This document discusses fundamental concepts of fluid flow, including: - Path lines and streamlines represent the paths of particles in flowing fluids. Laminar flow occurs when path lines do not intersect, while turbulent flow occurs when path lines cross. - Discharge is the volume of fluid passing a cross-section per unit time. It can be calculated using the equation Q = VA, where Q is discharge, V is mean velocity, and A is cross-sectional area. - Steady flow has constant discharge over time at a given cross-section, while unsteady flow has varying discharge. Uniform flow has constant average velocity at all cross-sections.

Uploaded by

Paolo Martinez PH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 6

FUNDAMENTAL
• A path line or streamline is the path followedOF
by aFLUID
particle in aFLOW
flowing stream.

• A stream tube is a small bundle of path lines.

• Laminar flow occurs when the paths of the individual particles do not intersect.
• Turbulent flow occurs when the path lines are irregular curves which continually cross
each other forming a complex network of intersecting path lines.

• Discharge is the volume of fluid passing a certain cross-section of a stream per unit of

time.

• Q = the discharge A= area of the crosssection V= the mean velocity in the crosssection

then
FUNDAMENTAL OF FLUID FLOW
• Steady flow of any fluid occurs when the discharge 𝑄 passing a given

cross-section of a stream is constant with time. If 𝑄 varies with time, the

flow is unsteady. Laminar flow occurs when the paths of the individual particles do not intersect.

• Uniform flow is said to occurs when the flow is steady in any length of a stream and the average

velocity at every cross-section of the stream is constant. In streams where changes of cross-section and

velocity occur, the flow is considered to be non-uniform.


• Flow is continuous if, at any instant, the number of particles passing every cross-section of the
stream is the same. If between any two points of a stream, flow is added or taken out through a
distributary, the flow between the two points is not continuous. Continuity for non-compressible
fluids occurs when
FUNDAMENTAL OF FLUID FLOW
Proble
m set
Activity
Number 12
The discharge of air through a 24in pipe is
8600cfm. Compute the mean velocity in feet per
second.
Solution:
Activity Number
The diameter of a 6ft length of pipe decreases
13
uniformly from 18in to 6in. With a flow of 5cfs of oil
compute the mean velocity at cross section 1ft apart
along the pipe. Plot velocity as ordinate against
length as abscissa.
Solution:
Activity Number
14
A pipeline consists of successive length of 15in,
12in, and 10in pipe. With continuous flow through
the line of 9 cfs of water compute the mean
velocity in each size of pipe.
Solution:
Activity Number
15
A city requires a flow of 25mgd for its water supply. Compute
the diameter of pipe required if the velocity of flow is to be:
a.) 2 ft per sec
Soluti
b.) 6 ft per sec
on:
Forms of
energy
Kinetic Energy Pressure Energy Elevation Energy
– is possessed by a liquid is due to the pressure to also called potential
mass due to its velocity. which the flowing stream energy, is the capacity of a
The Kinetic Energy of a is subjected. It is measured liquid mass to do work due
unit weight of liquid mass by the pressure head given to its elevation or vertical
is called velocity head. by the formula: distance above a selected
where datum or reference plane.
Where 𝑉 is the mean The elevation energy of a
velocity of the stream unit weight of liquid mass
p = Unit pressure Elevation
is called head= Zhead.
its elevation
w = Unit weight of the liquid
Graphically these three heads are shown in
the figure below:
The total head, 𝐸, at any point in the flowing
stream is

Power is defined as the rate of doing work.


For a given discharged, 𝑄, with a total
head, 𝐸,
Where Q = discharged in
The equivalent
horsepower is W= unit weight of the liquid in
E = total head in ft
Problem
set
Activity
Number 16
A fluid is flowing in a pipe 8in in diameter with a mean
velocity of 10ft per sec. The pressure at the center of the pipe
is 5lb per sq in and the elevation of the pipe above the
assumed datum is 15ft. Compute the total head in feet if the
fluid is (a) water, (b) oil (sp gr 0.80), (c) molasses (sp gr
1.50), (d) gas (w = 0.040)
Solution:
Solution:
Activity
Number 17
A liquid (sp gr2.0) is flowing in a 2in pipe. The total energy
at a given point is found to be 24.5 ft lb per lb. The elevation
of the pipe above the datum is 10ft, and the pressure in the is
9.5 lb per sq in. Compute the velocity of flow and the
horsepower in the stream at that point.
Solution:
Activity
Number 18
The jet of water from a nozzle discharging into air
has a diameter of 6in and a mean velocity of 120 ft
per sec. Compute the velocity head and the
horsepower in the jet.
Solution:

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