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    Size and Mass in The Universe

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    calin_galin
    This document discusses the vast range of sizes and distances in the universe from planets to galaxies. It begins by establishing common units of measurement and then provides information about the sizes and distances of objects in our solar system including planets and the sun. It continues discussing stellar sizes and distances to nearby stars. The document concludes by discussing galaxy sizes and distances between galaxies in our local group and beyond.

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    Size and Mass in The Universe

    Uploaded by

    calin_galin
    41 views16 pages
    This document discusses the vast range of sizes and distances in the universe from planets to galaxies. It begins by establishing common units of measurement and then provides information about the sizes and distances of objects in our solar system including planets and the sun. It continues discussing stellar sizes and distances to nearby stars. The document concludes by discussing galaxy sizes and distances between galaxies in our local group and beyond.

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    01_Size and Mass

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    This document discusses the vast range of sizes and distances in the universe from planets to galaxies. It begins by establishing common units of measurement and then provides information about the sizes and distances of objects in our solar system including planets and the sun. It continues discussing stellar sizes and distances to nearby stars. The document concludes by discussing galaxy sizes and distances between galaxies in our local group and beyond.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    41 views16 pages

    Size and Mass in The Universe

    Uploaded by

    calin_galin
    This document discusses the vast range of sizes and distances in the universe from planets to galaxies. It begins by establishing common units of measurement and then provides information about the sizes and distances of objects in our solar system including planets and the sun. It continues discussing stellar sizes and distances to nearby stars. The document concludes by discussing galaxy sizes and distances between galaxies in our local group and beyond.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Size and Mass in

    the Universe
     Mass Kilograms
     Distance Meters
     Time Seconds

    Size and Mass 1


    Planetary
    Dimensions
    Power Size Scale
    (km)
    0 20 City
    1 200 City to City
    2 2000 Continent or Planetary Satellite
    3 20000 Planet

    Size and Mass 2


    The Solar System
    The Terrestrial Planets
    Diameter Mass
    km Earth 1023kg Earth Distance
    Mercury 4877 0.38 3.3 0.06 0.39
    Venus 12104 0.95 48.7 0.82 0.72
    Earth 12756 1.00 59.7 1.00 1.00
    Mars 6794 0.53 6.4 0.11 1.52

    Size and Mass 3


    The Solar System
    The Jovian Planets

    Diameter Mass

    km Earth 1023kg Earth Distance

    Jupiter 142984 11.2 18988 318 5.20

    Saturn 120536 9.45 5685 95.2 9.55

    Uranus 5118 4.01 866 14.5 19.2

    Neptune 49528 3.88 1028 17.2 30.1

    Pluto 2302 0.18 0.2 0.003 39.5

    Size and Mass 4


    Montage

    Size and Mass 5


    Alternately

    Size and Mass 6


    In the Solar System
    Moving Towards The Sun
    Distances in Kilometers
    Power Size Scale
    4 200,000 Planet - Satellite Separation
    Earth-Moon: 385000 km
    Speed of Light=300000 km/s
    5 2,000,000 Somewhere in interplanetary
    space
    6 20,000,000 Venus or Mars
    7 200,000,000 Past the Sun
    1 AU = 149,000,000 km
    1 AU = 8 light minutes
    Size and Mass 7
    The Size of The Sun
    The Sun is an “Average” Star

    Angular Size: About 1/2 a degree (30 minutes)


    • Angular Sizes depend on distance
    • The angular size of the Moon is about the same as the Sun
    but are they the same physical size?
    • Solar diameter = 1,400,000 km
    • Lunar diameter = 3476 km
    • Therefore the Sun must be 1400000/3476 = 403 times further away than the
    Moon!
    • Solar diameter = 4.7 light seconds
    • Earth’s diameter = 12,756 km = 0.043 light seconds
    • Earth-Moon Separation = 384,400 km = 1.28 light seconds
    Size and Mass 8
    Angular Size

    Size and Mass 9


    The Size of Stars
    A Vast Range
    Diameter Diameter
    Type
    km AU
    Neutron 20
    White Dwarf 2000
    Solar Type 1,400,000 0.009
    Giant 14,000,000 0.09
    Supergiant 140,000,000 0.99
    Size and Mass 10
    Mass
    • Mass of the Earth = 6(10^24) kg
    • Mass of Jupiter = 318 * Mass of Earth
    • Jupiter = 1.9 (10^27) kg
    • Total Mass of the Planets ~ 447 * Mass of
    Earth
    • Sun’s Mass = 2(10^30) kg = 746 * Total
    Planetary Mass
    • Jupiter = 0.00095 mass of Sun
    • Earth = 2.99(10^-6) mass of Sun
    • Stars range from about 100 to 0.1 times
    the mass of the Sun.
    Size and Mass 11
    To The Nearest Stars
    Distances in Astronomical Units

    7 1 Earth-Sun Distance
    8 10 Saturn
    9 100 Nearby Interstellar Space -
    Pluto is at 37 AU
    10 1,000 Interstellar Space
    11 10,000 Interstellar Space
    12 100,000 Interstellar Space - About
    1/2 way to the nearest star!
    13 1,000,000 Into the region of nearby stars
    Size and Mass 12
    Interstellar Space
    Distances in Parsecs = 206265 AU
    12 1 About the distance to the nearest star.
    Typical of distances between individual stars 1 pc = 3(10^13)km.
    Diameter of Sun = 1.4(10^6) km.
    Mean separation of stars = 2(10^7) times their diameter.
    13 10 Into nearby Interstellar space
    14 100 Interstellar Space - Thickness of galactic
    disk is of order 300 - 500 pc. Molecular
    clouds (star forming regions) are also of
    order 100 pc. Large star clusters are of
    order this size.

    Size and Mass 13


    Nearby Galaxies
    Distances in Parsecs = 3.26 ly

    15 1,000 Interstellar Space


    16 10,000 Distance to galactic center~30,000 ly!
    The Sun is at a radius of about 2/3 of
    the Milky Way's radius ==> Galactic
    Radius is about 15,000 pc (Diameter
    = 30000) pc.
    17 100,000 Twice the distance to the nearest
    galaxies (the Large and Small
    Magellanic clouds at about 50,000 pc)
    Size and Mass 14
    The Local Group
    Distances in Parsecs
    18 1,000,000 Beyond the Andromeda Galaxy -
    Well into the Local Group of galaxies (a small group
    of about 20 galaxies). The nearest large galaxy is
    Andromeda. Typical large galaxy separation is about
    20 times their radius -very different from stars.

    Size and Mass 15


    The Realm of Galaxies
    Distances in MegaParsecs

    18 1 The Local Group


    19 10 Intergalactic Space
    20 100 The realm of clusters of Galaxies
    21 1000 Superclusters - 3.26 billion ly ==> a
    “lookback” time of 3.26 billion years.
    The age of the Universe is <15
    billion years. The Galaxy about
    10-12 billion years. We
    cannot go another factor of 10!
    Size and Mass 16

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