Scribd
Upload
171 views17 pages

Quantum Mechanics - Engineering Physics

The document discusses key aspects of quantum mechanics including its history, principles, examples, applications, and future. It describes the timeline of quantum mechanics from Max Planck's work in 1900 to contributions by Einstein, Bohr, de Broglie, Born, Dirac, Heisenberg, Pauli, and Schrodinger in the 1920s. It also outlines principles like wave-particle duality, probabilistic properties, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Examples covered are the particle in a box and applications include lasers, computers, and medical technologies. The future of quantum mechanics is seen to include quantum computing.

Uploaded by

Ritesh Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
171 views17 pages

Quantum Mechanics - Engineering Physics

The document discusses key aspects of quantum mechanics including its history, principles, examples, applications, and future. It describes the timeline of quantum mechanics from Max Planck's work in 1900 to contributions by Einstein, Bohr, de Broglie, Born, Dirac, Heisenberg, Pauli, and Schrodinger in the 1920s. It also outlines principles like wave-particle duality, probabilistic properties, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Examples covered are the particle in a box and applications include lasers, computers, and medical technologies. The future of quantum mechanics is seen to include quantum computing.

Uploaded by

Ritesh Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Quantum

Mechanics
“small things are weird”
The
World
Without
Quanta

April 26, 2021 Sample Footer Text 2


Agenda
What is Quantum Mechanics

Why do we study Quantum Mechanics

The Quantum Mechanics view

Timeline of Quantum Mechanics

Quantum Mechanics is able to explain

Example of Quantum Mechanics

The Victory of Quantum Mechanics

The Future of Quantum Mechanics

April 26, 2021 3


Introduction • The branch of physics(mechanics) that deals with the
mathematical description of the motion and interaction of
subatomic particles, incorporating the concepts of
quantization of energy, wave particle duality , the
uncertainty principle, and the correspondence principle.

April 26, 2021 4


April 26, 2021 5
Why Do We Study Quantum Mechanics ?
There were few phenomenon which classical mechanics failed to explain.

1. Stability of an atom.

2. Spectral series of Hydrogen atom.

3. Black Body radiation.

The acceptance by the general physics community of quantum mechanics is


due to its accurate prediction of the physical behavior of systems, including systems
where Newtonian mechanics fails.

Tuesday, February 2, 20XX Sample Footer Text 6


Timeline of Quantum Mechanics

• The foundations of quantum mechanics date from the early 1800s, but the real beginnings of Quantum
Mechanics date from the work of Max Planck in 1900.

• Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr soon made important contributions to what is now called the "old quantum
theory.“

• However, it was not until 1924 that a more complete picture emerged with Louis de Broglie's matter-wave
hypothesis and the true importance of quantum mechanics became clear.

• Some of the most prominent scientists to subsequently contribute in the mid-1920s to what is now called the
"new quantum mechanics" or "new physics" were Max Born, Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli,
and Erwin Schrödinger.

Timeline of Quantum Mechanics - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_quantum_mechanics

Tuesday, February 2, 20XX Sample Footer Text 7


The Quantum Mechanics View

1. All matter (particles) has wave-like properties. -


so-called particle-wave duality

2. Particle-waves are described in a probabilistic manner.


- electron doesn’t whiz around the nucleus, it has a probability
distribution describing where it might be found. -

3. Some properties come in dual packages: can’t know both


simultaneously to arbitrary precision.
- called the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
- not simply a matter of measurement precision.
-position/momentum and energy/time are example pairs

Tuesday, February 2, 20XX Sample Footer Text 8


Quantum Mechanics is able to explain
• Photo electric effect.

• Black body radiation.

• Compton effect.

• Emission of line spectra.

The most outstanding development in modern science was the


conception was the conception of Quantum Mechanics in 1925. This
new approach was highly successful in explaining about the behavior
of atoms, molecules and nuclei.

April 26, 2021 Monday 9


Example of Quantum Mechanics
• Particle In a Box
The particle in a one-dimensional potential energy box is the most mathematically simple example where restraints lead to the quantization of
energy levels. The box is defined as having zero potential energy everywhere inside a certain region, and therefore infinite potential energy
everywhere outside that region. For the one dimensional case in the x-direction, the time independent Schrödinger equation may be written

With the differential operator defined by

the previous equation is evocative of the classic kinetic energy analogue

With state ѱ in the case having energy E coincident with the kinetic energy of the particle

The general solution for Schrödinger wave equation for the particle in a box are

April 26, 2021 10


  Or from Euler’s formula
The infinite potential walls of the box determine the values of C, D and k at x = 0 and x = L where ѱ must be zero . Thus at x = 0,

and D = 0 at x = L ,

in which C can’t be zero as this would conflict with the postulate that ѱ has a norm 1. Therefore , since sin(KL) = 0 ,

KL must be an integer multiple of

The constraint of K implies , a constraint on the energy levels ,yielding

A finite potential well is the generalization of the infinite potential well problem to potential wells having finite depth. The finite potential well problem is
mathematically more complicated than the infinite particle-in-a-box problem as the wave function is not pinned to zero at the walls of the well. Instead,
the wave function must satisfy more complicated mathematical boundary conditions as it is nonzero in regions outside the well. Another related problem
is that of the rectangular potential barrier, which furnishes a model for the quantum tunneling effect that plays an important role in the performance of
modern technologies such as flash memory and scanning tunneling microscopy.

Tuesday, February 2, 20XX Sample Footer Text 11


The Victory of
Quantum
Mechanics
Without Quantum Mechanics, we could never
have designed and built:
1. semiconductor devices

2. Lasers.

3. CD/DVD players, bar-code scanners.

4. Medicals

5. Nuclear reactors.

6. Atomic clocks (e.g., GPS navigation).

April 26, 2021 12


The Future of Quantum Mechanics - Quantum Computers

Quantum computing is an area of computing focused on


developing computer technology based on the principles
of quantum theory, which explains the behavior of
energy and material on the atomic and subatomic levels.

Classical computers that we use today can only encode


information in bits that take the value of 1 or 0. This
restricts their ability. Quantum computing, on the other
hand, uses quantum bits or qubits. It harnesses the
unique ability of subatomic participles that allows them
to exist in more than one state i.e. a 1 and a 0 at the same
time. Superposition and entanglement are two features of
quantum physics on which these supercomputers are
based.

April 26 2021 13
It’s potential application -

• Cryptography

• Machine Learning

• Search Problems

• Computational Biology

• Quantum Supremacy

April 26, 2021 Monday 14


The Race for Quantum Supremacy

Governments and businesses who create the first


practical use quantum computers will quickly pull away
from their rivals to reap the enormous first-mover
benefits of the quantum computing revolution.

On October 23, 2019 Google announced that it had


achieved "Quantum Supremacy," meaning that they had
used a quantum computer to quickly solve a problem
that a conventional computer would take an
impractically long time (thousands of years) to solve.

IBM immediately contested this claim, saying that their


conventional supercomputers could solve the problem
in a matter of days

April 26 2021 15
In this Whole presentation we have discussed about Quantum Mechanics. We
discussed some of the key topics – “introduction of Quantum mechanics” , “why we
Summary study Quantum Mechanics” and discussed it’s importance and how it was developed
and studied one of it’s example. We also discussed that what would be the future of
Quantum Mechanics.

April 26, 2021 16


April 26, 2021 17

You might also like