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Angular Momentum: Val Anthony Balagon

1) Angular momentum is the quantity of rotation, analogous to how linear momentum is the quantity of linear displacement. 2) The rate of change of angular momentum of a particle equals the torque of the net force acting on it. If the torque is negative, angular momentum decreases, and if torque is positive, angular momentum increases. 3) For a rigid body rotating at a constant angular velocity, each point moves in a circle, with angular momentum perpendicular to linear velocity and the angular axis. The net angular momentum is the sum of the angular momenta of each particle.

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Val Anthony Villarin Balagon
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53 views17 pages

Angular Momentum: Val Anthony Balagon

1) Angular momentum is the quantity of rotation, analogous to how linear momentum is the quantity of linear displacement. 2) The rate of change of angular momentum of a particle equals the torque of the net force acting on it. If the torque is negative, angular momentum decreases, and if torque is positive, angular momentum increases. 3) For a rigid body rotating at a constant angular velocity, each point moves in a circle, with angular momentum perpendicular to linear velocity and the angular axis. The net angular momentum is the sum of the angular momenta of each particle.

Uploaded by

Val Anthony Villarin Balagon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 24:

Angular Momentum
Val Anthony Balagon
Linear and Angular Motion Analogs
•  Displacement Angular displacement

• Linear velocity Angular velocity

• Linear acceleration Angular acceleration


Angular Momentum
•  Linear momentum is the quantity of linear displacement.

• Angular momentum is the quantity of rotation. 𝑦 

⃗𝑝 
𝜙 
• For a point particle:
⃗𝐿 
⃗𝑟 

𝑂  𝑥 
• SI units: kg m / s.
𝑧 
Angular Momentum and Torque
•Take
  the time derivative of

The rate of change of angular momentum of a particle equals the torque of the
net force acting on it.
Analog to Linear Momentum
• Linear momentum is the quantity of linear displacement.

• Angular momentum is the quantity of rotation.


Cases

• If the torque is negative, the angular momentum of the particle


is decreasing.

• If the torque is positive, the angular momentum is increasing.


Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body
About an Axis of Symmetry 𝑦 

•Consider
  a rigid body at a constant angular velocity 𝑣  𝑖
about the axis. 𝑟 𝑖 𝑚
 𝑖
𝑥 
So, each point moves in a circle. Consequently,
is always perpendicular to the linear velocity : 𝑧  𝜔 

Each particle has an angular momentum:

Net angular momentum:


Moment of Inertia of Simple 3D Shapes
Example 1: Calculating the Angular
Momentum and Torque
• 
A turbine fan in a jet engine has a moment of inertia of 2.5 kg m^2 about
its axis of rotation. As the turbine starts up, its angular velocity is given
by rad.

a) Find the fan’s angular momentum as a function of time, and find its
value at s.

b) Find the net torque on the fan as a function of time, and find its value
at s.
Example 1: Calculating the Angular
Momentum and Torque
𝑦 
•• Setup:
 

𝑧 
𝜔 
𝑥 

• Angular velocity:

• Hence, the angular momentum points along the direction, .

• Torque is also in the direction, .


Example 1: Calculating the Angular
Momentum and Torque
•Given:
  rad, .
Example 1: Calculating the Angular
Momentum and Torque
•• Recall
  the formula

• Then

• At s
Conservation of Angular Momentum
• If the net torque is zero, then the particle’s angular momentum
is conserved.

• In other words:
Example 2: Conservation of Angular
Momentum
Here we have a professor spinning with
constant angular velocity. The
professor spins on a rotating platform
while holding up a dumbbell in each
arm. Suddenly he pulls the weights
close to his body and he starts spinning
faster. Why is this so?
Example 2: Conservation of Angular
Momentum
•  Since there are no external
forces/torques, then the angular
momentum is conserved.

• We treat the professor and the


dumbbells as point particles.

• The total moment of inertia is


Example 2: Conservation of Angular
Momentum
• Since the dumbbells are brought closer
to the professor’s body, then the
moment of inertia decreases.

• Conservation of angular momentum.


Thank you!

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