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GENERAL
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MATHEMATICS
Virtual Class
 Prayer

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FUNCTIONS
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 Correspondence
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Set Set
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 Example
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Woman
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 Example
Teacher Student
 Example

Policeman Criminal
 Example
God

Creations
Correspondence

Relation/s
 Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should
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AT • identify relations and functions using table of
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equations; and
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• represents real-life situations using functions,
including piece-wise functions.
 RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
• A relation is a rule that relates • A function is a relation where
values from a set of values each element in the domain is
(called the domain) to a second related to only one value in the
GE set of values (called the range). range by some rule.
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L can be imagined as input to a be imagined as input to a
M machine that applies a rule to machine that applies a rule so
AT these inputs to generate one or that each input corresponds to
HE more outputs. only one output.
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IC • A relation is also a set of • A function is a set of ordered
S ordered pairs (x, y). pairs (x, y) such that no two
ordered pairs have the same x-
value but different y- values.
A relation is a set of ordered
pairs.
The domain is the set of all x values in the relation
domain = {-1,0,2,4,9}

These are the x values written in a set from smallest to largest

This is a
{(2,3), (-1,5), (4,-2), (9,9), (0,-6)} relation

These are the y values written in a set from smallest to largest

range = {-6,-2,3,5,9}

The range is the set of all y values in the relation

 A relation assigns the x’s with y’s

1
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2
4
3
6
4 8

5 10

Domain (set of all x’s) Range (set of all y’s)

This relation can be written {(1,6), (2,2), (3,4), (4,8), (5,10)}

 A function
function fff from
A function
A from set
from set A
set A to
A to set
to set B
set B is
B is aa rule
is a rule of
rule of correspondence
of correspondence
correspondence that that assigns
that assigns to
assigns to
to
each element
element xxx in
each element
each in set
in set A
set A exactly
exactly one
A exactly one element
one element yyy in
element in the
in the set
the set B.
set B.
B.

No
d 1 x
g ne 2 on has m
a ssi ey
a re 2
4 ass ore t
x’s ign han
A ll 3 ed
6
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is a function
Whew! What---it did
meets our conditions
that say? Must use all the x’s

The x value can only be assigned to one y

A good example that you can “relate” to is students in our maths class this
semester are set A. The grade they earn out of the class is set B. Each student
must be assigned a grade and can
can only
onlybebeassigned
assignedONEONEgrade, butbut
grade, more than
more than
one student can get the same grade.

1
88
2
95
3
79
4 83
5 97

2 was assigned both 95 and 97

Is the relation shown above a function?

NO Why not???
 Check this relation out to determine if it is a function.
This is fine—each student gets only one grade. More than one can get an A+ and I don’t
have to give any C’s (so all y’s don’t need to be used).

1
A+
2
A
3
B+
4 B
5 C

Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is a function Must use all the x’s

The x value can only be assigned to one y

 Check this relation out to determine if it is a function.
It is not---3 didn’t get assigned to anything
Comparing to our example, a student in maths must receive a grade

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4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is not a function---

it doesn’t assign each Must use all the x’s
x with a y

The x value can only be assigned to one y

 Functions and relations as a table of values

GE Ex. 1. Which of the following relations

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are functions?
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The relations f and h are functions because no two
ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-
values, while g is not a function because (1, 3) and
(1, 4) are ordered pairs with the same x-value but
different y-values.
 Functions as a graph in the Cartesian plane
Ex. 2. Which of the following graphs can be graphs of
functions?
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x x
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 Ex. 2. Which of the following graphs can be
graphs of functions?
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c. y d. y
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x x
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x
 Vertical Line Test
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A graph represents a function if and only if
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one point.
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 Functions as a graph in the Cartesian plane
Ex. 2. Which of the following graphs can be graphs of
functions?
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x x
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 Ex. 2. Which of the following graphs can be
graphs of functions?
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c. y d. y
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x x
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 Ex. 3. Which of the following represents a
function?
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a.) y = 2x +1 d.) y = √x + 1
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c.) x2 + y2 = 1
 Functions as representations of
real-life situations
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represent the cost of buying x
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meals, if one meal costs P40.
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C(x) = 40x
 Give a function C that can
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represent the cost of buying x
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meals, if one meal costs P40.
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C(x) = 40x
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Piecewise Functions
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A piecewise function or a
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defined by multiple sub-functions,
where each sub-function applies to
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a certain interval of the main
function’s domain.
 For example, the piecewise function given by
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2x – =2,
f(x) if x ≤ 1
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x2 – 2x + 1, if x > 1
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is defined by two equations. One equation
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gives the value of f(x) when x is less than or
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value of f(x) when x is greater than 1.
 Example:
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A user is charged P300 monthly for a
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particular mobile plan, which includes 100
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free text messages. Messages in excess of
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100 are charged P1 each. Represent the
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amount a consumer pays each month as a
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function of the number of messages m
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sent in a month.
 Practice Exercises:
1. A jeepney ride costs P8.00 for the first 4
G kilometers, and each additional integer
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piecewise function to represent the jeepney
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fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers.
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P1500. A guide can only take care of a
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maximum of 4 persons, and additional guides
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can be hired as needed. Represent the cost of
hiring guides as a function of the number of
tourists x who wish to explore the cave.
 3. A videoke machine can be rented for ₱1,000 for
three days, but for the fourth day onwards, an
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machine as a piecewise function of the number of
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days it is rented.
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However, if you buy more than 10 pieces, they will
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be marked down to a price of ₱32.00 per piece. Use
a piecewise function to represent the cost in terms
of the number of chocolate bars bought.
 • When can you say that a relation is a
function?
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• How do you determine whether a graph is a

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function or not?
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Kindly proceed to Edmodo
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