OPERATORS IN JAVA
OPERATOR
An operator is a symbol that operates on one or more arguments to
produce a result.
Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables.
OPERANDS
An operands are the values on which the operators act upon.
An operand can be:
o A numeric variable - integer, floating point or character
o Any primitive type variable - numeric and boolean
o Reference variable to an object
o A literal - numeric value, boolean value, or string.
o An array element, "a[2]“
o char primitive, which in numeric operations is treated as
an unsigned two byte integer
TYPES OF OPERATORS
1. Assignment Operators
2. Increment Decrement Operators
3. Arithmetic Operators
4. Bitwise Operators
5. Relational Operators
6. Logical Operators
7. Ternary Operators
8. Comma Operators
9. Instanceof Operators
ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
The assignment statements has the following syntax:
<variable> = <expression>
ASSIGNING VALUES EXAMPLE
INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORS
++ AND --
The increment and decrement operators add an integer
variable by one.
increment operator:
two successive plus signs, ++
decrement operator: --
INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORS
++ AND --
Common Shorthand
a = a + 1; a++; or ++a;
a = a - 1; a--; or --a;
EXAMPLE OF ++ AND -- OPERATORS
public class Example
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int j, p, q, r, s;
j = 5;
p = ++j; // j = j + 1; p = j;
System.out.println("p = " + p);
q = j++; // q = j; j = j + 1;
System.out.println("q = " + q);
System.out.println("j = " + j);
r = --j; // j = j -1; r = j;
System.out.println("r = " + r);
s = j--; // s = j; j = j - 1;
System.out.println("s = " + s);
}
> java example
}
p = 6
q = 6
j = 7
r = 6
s = 6
>
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
The arithmetic operators are used to construct mathematical
expressions as in algebra.
Their operands are of numeric type.
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Operator Result
+ Addition
- Subtraction (also unary minus)
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
++ Increment
+= Addition assignment
-= Subtraction assignment
*= Multiplication assignment
/= Division assignment
%= Modulus assignment
SIMPLE ARITHMETIC
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int j, k, p, q, r, s, t;
j = 5;
k = 2;
p = j + k;
q = j - k;
r = j * k;
s = j / k;
t = j % k;
System.out.println("p = " + p);
System.out.println("q = " + q);
System.out.println("r = " + r);
System.out.println("s = " + s);
System.out.println("t = " + t);
}
}
> java Example
p = 7
q = 3
r = 10
s = 2
t = 1
>
BITWISE OPERATORS
Java's bitwise operators operate on individual bits of integer (int and
long) values.
If an operand is shorter than an int, it is promoted to int before
doing the operations.
BITWISE OPERATORS
Operator Name Description
a & b and 1 if both bits are 1.
a | b or 1 if either bit is 1.
a ^ b xor 1 if both bits are different.
~a not Inverts the bits.
Shifts the bits of n left p positions. Zero bits are
n << p left shift
shifted into the low-order positions.
Shifts the bits of n right p positions. If n is a 2's
n >> p right shift complement signed number, the sign bit is shifted
into the high-order positions.
Shifts the bits of n right p positions. Zeros are
n >>> p right shift
shifted into the high-order positions.
EXAMPLE OF BITWISE OPERATORS
class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */
int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
int c = 0;
c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */
System.out.println("a & b = " + c );
c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
System.out.println("a | b = " + c );
EXAMPLE CONT.,
c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
System.out.println("a ^ b = " + c );
c = ~a; /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
System.out.println("~a = " + c );
c = a << 2; /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
System.out.println("a << 2 = " + c );
Output:
c = a >> 2; /* 215 = 1111 */ a & b = 12
System.out.println("a >> 2 = " + c ); a | b = 61
a ^ b = 49
c = a >>> 2; /* 215 = 0000 1111 */
~a = -61
System.out.println("a >>> 2 = " + c );
a << 2 = 240
}}
a >> 15 a >>> 15
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
A relational operator compares two values and determines the
relationship between them.
For example, != returns true if its two operands are unequal.
Relational operators are used to test whether two values are equal,
whether one value is greater than another, and so forth.
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Operator Description
== Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if
yes then condition becomes true.
!= Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if
values are not equal then condition becomes true.
> Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes
true.
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Operator Description
< Checks if the value of left operand is less than the
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes
true.
>= Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or
equal to the value of right operand, if yes then
condition becomes true.
<= Checks if the value of left operand is less than or
equal to the value of right operand, if yes then
condition becomes true.
EXAMPLE OF RELATIONAL OPERATORS
public LessThanExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 5; int b = 10;
if(a < b)
{
System.out.println("a is less than b");
}
}
}
LOGICAL OPERATORS
These logical operators work only on boolean operands. Their
return values are always boolean.
LOGICAL OPERATORS
Operator Description
&& Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands
are non zero then then condition becomes true.
|| Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two
operands are non zero then then condition becomes
true.
! Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the
logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then
Logical NOT operator will make false.
EXAMPLE OF LOGICAL OPERATORS
public class ANDOperatorExample{
public static void main(String[] args){
char ans = 'y';
int count = 1;
if(ans == 'y' & count == 0){
System.out.println("Count is Zero.");}
if(ans == 'y' & count == 1) {
System.out.println("Count is One."); }
if(ans == 'y' & count == 2) {
System.out.println("Count is Two.");
}}}
TERNARY OPERATORS
Java has a short hand way by using ?: the ternary aka conditional
operator for doing ifs that compute a value.
Unlike the if statement, the conditional operator is an expression
which can be used for
EXAMPLE OF TERNARY OPERATOR
// longhand with if:
int answer;
if ( a > b )
{
answer = 1;
}
else
{
answer = -1;
}
// can be written more tersely with the ternary operator as: int
answer = a > b ? 1 : -1;
COMMA OPERATORS
Java has an often look past feature within it’s for loop and this is the
comma operator.
Usually when people think about commas in the java language they
think of a way to split up arguments within a functions parameters
EXAMPLE OF COMMA OPERATOR
//: c03:CommaOperator.java
// From 'Thinking in Java, 3rd ed.' (c) Bruce Eckel 2002
// www.BruceEckel.com. See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt.
public class CommaOperator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(int i = 1, j = i + 10; i < 5;
i++, j = i * 2) {
System.out.println("i= " + i + " j= " + j);
}
}
} ///:~
INSTANCEOF OPERATORS
This operator is used only for object reference variables. The operator
checks whether the object is of a particular type(class type or interface
type).
InstanceOf operator is wriiten as:
( Object reference variable ) instanceOf (class/interface type)
EXAMPLE OF INSTANCEOF OPERATOR
class Vehicle {}
public class Car extends Vehicle
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Vehicle a = new Car();
boolean result = a instanceof Car;
System.out.println( result);
}
}
THE END
….. Thank You …..
