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    Properties of Human Language

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    Muhammad Panji
    The document discusses key differences between animal communication and human language, noting that while animals can communicate about present situations, human language allows discussion of past and future events as well as imaginary concepts. It also explains that human language is arbitrary, productive, culturally transmitted, and has a duality of meaningful phonemes and words that provides more flexibility than animal sounds. Examples are provided of attempts to teach language to great apes that showed limited success compared to natural human development.

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    Properties of Human Language

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Panji
    48 views12 pages
    The document discusses key differences between animal communication and human language, noting that while animals can communicate about present situations, human language allows discussion of past and future events as well as imaginary concepts. It also explains that human language is arbitrary, productive, culturally transmitted, and has a duality of meaningful phonemes and words that provides more flexibility than animal sounds. Examples are provided of attempts to teach language to great apes that showed limited success compared to natural human development.

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    (2)Properties of Human Language

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    The document discusses key differences between animal communication and human language, noting that while animals can communicate about present situations, human language allows discussion of past and future events as well as imaginary concepts. It also explains that human language is arbitrary, productive, culturally transmitted, and has a duality of meaningful phonemes and words that provides more flexibility than animal sounds. Examples are provided of attempts to teach language to great apes that showed limited success compared to natural human development.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    48 views12 pages

    Properties of Human Language

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Panji
    The document discusses key differences between animal communication and human language, noting that while animals can communicate about present situations, human language allows discussion of past and future events as well as imaginary concepts. It also explains that human language is arbitrary, productive, culturally transmitted, and has a duality of meaningful phonemes and words that provides more flexibility than animal sounds. Examples are provided of attempts to teach language to great apes that showed limited success compared to natural human development.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Animals and Human

    Language
    Creatures are capable of
    communicating
    Signals

    Informative
    communicative
    Displacement
     Animals communicate about things in ‘here & now’ situation. e.g. we won’t
    have any other responses from our cat, but meow for any question we give.
    When the cat pronounce meow, it is last night, over the park, at the moment
    of speaking, etc.
     Human communicate ‘yesterday’ things now as well as ‘now’ things
    tomorrow
     Human can refer to past and future time, non-existing things, events, and
    places
     Bee dancing?
    Arbitrariness
     Animal  Recognizable links between sound
    signal and the message
     Human  No ‘natural’ links between sound signal
    (form) and the message (meaning)
     Onomatopoeia  to echo the sounds, objects, or
    activities
    Productivity
     Animals have LIMITED number of messages (why)
     Monkeys (36 vocal calls), Cicadas (4 signals)  fixed
    reference
     Human have UNLIMITED number of codes and messages
    (why)
     Human continually create new expression and manipulate
    the linguistics resources
    Cultural Transmission
     Animal  knowing and sounding without learning (genetic)
     Human  need to learn to produce sounds  not from
    parental genes  culturally transmitted trough exposure
     Korean-parent-infant adopted and brought up by English
    speaker in US will be physically inherited from natural
    parents but speaking English
    Duality
     Animal can use BASIC SOUND only ONCE
     The number of basic sounds influence the number of message
     Human language has a set of PHONEME that is meaningless in
    ISOLATION (i, b, n) but meaningful in COMBINATION (bin, nib)
     Our language has TWO LAYERS
     More flexible and economical
    The five properties make human
    communication system so unique
    that other creatures seem unable
    to understand.

    How about horse, dog, or circus


    animals responding their masters’
    spoken commands. Understanding?
    Behavior?
    Gua
    • 1930s, Luella & Winthrop Kellog
    • Raising Gua together with their baby son
    • Understand 100 words without saying it

    Viki 1940s, Catherine & Keith Hayes


    •
    • 5 years of experiment getting Viki produce human sounds, mama, papa, cup

    Washoe
    • Beatrix & Allen Gardner
    • Teaching Washoe ASL, age 3,5 years being able to use 100 words and some simple
    sentences

    Sarah & Lana •


    •
    Ann & David Premack teaching Sarah associating plastic shapes with objects or actions
    Duane Rumbaugh teaching Lana through a set of symbols on keyboards connected to the computer

    Kanzi Matata’s adopted baby, Kanzi, developed large number of


    •
    vocabularies by being exposed
    Lesson learned

    o Washoe and Kanzi were able to perform symbol-based


    interaction but failed to develop rapid and massive
    linguistic development compared to human.

    o Human is not objective in defining the nature of ‘using


    language’.
    thanks!
    Any questions?

    This week, please proceed to the chapter of The Sound of a


    Language, and study Place of Articulation

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