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Lesson 2 Generalized Power Formulas

The document discusses integration by substitution and the generalized power formula. It provides examples of integrals that can be evaluated using these methods and exercises for readers to practice. Substitution allows complicated integrals to be transformed into simpler forms that can be integrated using standard formulas like the generalized power formula.

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Jonas Mendoza
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8 views7 pages

Lesson 2 Generalized Power Formulas

The document discusses integration by substitution and the generalized power formula. It provides examples of integrals that can be evaluated using these methods and exercises for readers to practice. Substitution allows complicated integrals to be transformed into simpler forms that can be integrated using standard formulas like the generalized power formula.

Uploaded by

Jonas Mendoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANTIDERIVATIVES

(INTEGRAL)
GENERALIZED POWER FORMULA
(Integration by Simple Substitution)
OBJECTIVES:
•identify an integrand that can be integrated using
simple substitution;
• perform integration using the generalized power
formula;
• relate integration by power formula to the
generalized integration formula; and
• consider and use the “introduction of
neutralizing/correction factor” as an alternative
technique of integration.
INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
A technique called substitution, that can often be
used to transform complicated integration
problems into simpler ones.
The method of substitution can be motivated by
examining the chain rule from the viewpoint of
antidifferentiation. For this purpose, suppose that F
is an antiderivative of f and that g is a differentiable
function. The chain rule implies that the derivative
of F(g(x)) can be expressed as
d
 F ( g ( x))  F ' ( g ( x)) g ' ( x) which we can write in
dx
integral form as F ' ( g ( x)) g ' ( x)dx  F ( g ( x))  C
Or since F is an antiderivative of f,
 f ( g ( x)) g ' ( x)dx  F ( g ( x))  C (1)

For our purposes it will be useful to let u=g(x) and to


du
write dx
 g ' ( x) in the differential form du  g ' ( x)dx.
(2)
Thus,  f (u )du  F (u )  C .
The process of evaluating an integral of the form (1)
by converting it into the form (2) with the
substitution u  g ( x) and du  g ' ( x)dx is called
the method of u-substitution.

The generalized power formula therefore is:

 f (u ) d  f (u )   f (u )  n 1


n
 C; n  1
n 1
EXAMPLE
1. Evaluate   x 2
 1
50
 2 xdx (Example 1 on page 333)
dx
 1 5
2. Evaluate 
 x  8 (Example 4 on page 335)
3 
dx
3. Evaluate  1  3x 2 (Example 5 on page 335)

 x  1dx
2
4. Evaluate x (Example 5 on page 335)
3xdx
5. Evaluate  4x 2  5 (#2 Exercise 5.3 on page
338)
5/2
 1  z 2  1
6. Evaluate   z 
 z  
 z 2 dz

 
EXERCISES
Evaluate the integrals using appropriate substitution.
(Exercises from page 338-339)
  9
1. ( 4 x 3 ) dx
x2 1
2.  t 7 t 2
 12 dt 6.  3
dx
x  3x
6
3.  1  2 x 3
dx
7. 
t 1
dt
3 t
x
4.  dx
 5 x  2   a  bx 
3 n
8. dx
x
5.  dx
4  5x2

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