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Constructors and Its Types in C#

The document discusses the different types of constructors in C# including default, parameterized, copy, static, and private constructors. It provides examples of how each constructor is defined and used to initialize class fields and objects. The different constructors allow initializing objects with default values, customizing initialization for each object, copying values from one object to another, running code once at class initialization, and restricting object creation.

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Sandeep Singh
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206 views18 pages

Constructors and Its Types in C#

The document discusses the different types of constructors in C# including default, parameterized, copy, static, and private constructors. It provides examples of how each constructor is defined and used to initialize class fields and objects. The different constructors allow initializing objects with default values, customizing initialization for each object, copying values from one object to another, running code once at class initialization, and restricting object creation.

Uploaded by

Sandeep Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Constructor and its Types

Presented to: Submitted by:


Ms. Shaina Sanjay Singh
B.Tech CSE- 5th Sem.
GU-2019-3144
Constructors and Its Types in C#
Content
• What is a constructor in C#?
• Types Of Constructures
• Default Constructor
• Parameterized Constructor
• Copy Constructor
• Static Constructor
• Private Constructor
What is a constructor in C#?

• A special method of the class that is automatically invoked when an instance of the
class is created is called a constructor. The main use of constructors is to initialize
the private fields of the class while creating an instance for the class. When you
have not created a constructor in the class, the compiler will automatically create a
default constructor of the class. The default constructor initializes all numeric fields
in the class to zero and all string and object fields to null.
Types of Constructors

• Default Constructor
• Parameterized Constructor
• Copy Constructor
• Static Constructor
• Private Constructor
Default Constructor
• A constructor without any parameters is called a default constructor; in
other words, this type of constructor does not take parameters. The
drawback of a default constructor is that every instance of the class will
be initialized to the same values and it is not possible to initialize each
instance of the class with different values. The default constructor
initializes:
• All numeric fields in the class to zero.
• All string and object fields to null.
Example:
using System;
namespace DefaultConstructor
{
class addition
{
int a, b;
public addition() //default contructor
{ Output:
a = 100;
b = 175;
}

public static void Main()


{
addition obj = new addition(); //an object is created ,
constructor is called
Console.WriteLine(obj.a);
Console.WriteLine(obj.b);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
Parameterized Constructor
• A constructor with at least one parameter is called a parameterized
constructor. The advantage of a parameterized constructor is that
you can initialize each instance of the class with a different value.

Example:
Example[cont.]:
class MainClass
{
static void Main()
{
paraconstructor v = new paraconstructor(100, 175); // Creating object of Parameterized Constructor
Console.WriteLine("parameterized constructor ");
Console.WriteLine("\t");
Console.WriteLine("value of a=" + v.a );
Console.WriteLine("value of b=" + v.b);
Console.Read();
}
}
} Output:
Copy Constructor
• The constructor which creates an object by copying variables from another object is
called a copy constructor. The purpose of a copy constructor is to initialize a new
instance to the values of an existing instance.

Syntax

public employee(employee emp)


{
name=emp.name;
age=emp.age;
}
• The copy constructor is invoked by instantiating an object of type employee and
bypassing it the object to be copied. Example

• employee emp1=new employee (emp2);


• Now, emp1 is a copy of emp2.
Example:
using System;
namespace copyConstructor{
class employee
{
string name;
int age;
public employee(employee emp) { // declaring Copy constructor.
name = emp.name;
age = emp.age;
}
public employee(string name, int age) // Instance constructor.
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public string Details // Get deatils of employee
{
get{
return " The age of " + name +" is "+ age.ToString();
}
}
}
class empdetail
{
static void Main()
{
employee emp1 = new employee(“Vishal", 23); // Create a new employee object.
employee emp2 = new employee(emp1); // here is emp1 details is copied to emp2.
Console.WriteLine(emp2.Details);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}

Output:
Static Constructor
• When a constructor is created using a static keyword, it will be invoked only
once for all of the instances of the class and it is invoked during the creation
of the first instance of the class or the first reference to a static member in
the class. A static constructor is used to initialize static fields of the class and
to write the code that needs to be executed only once.
Some key points of a static constructor are:

• A static constructor does not take access modifiers or have parameters.


• A static constructor is called automatically to initialize the class before the first
instance is created or any static members are referenced.
• A static constructor cannot be called directly.
• The user has no control over when the static constructor is executed in the program.
Syntax:
class employee
{
// Static constructor
static employee(){}
}
using System;

class Multiplication
{
static int valueOne = 10;
static int product;
static Multiplication()
{
Console.WriteLine("Static Constructor initialized");
product = valueOne * valueOne;
}
public static void Method()
{ Output:
Console.WriteLine("Value of product = " + product);

}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Multiplication.Method();
}
}
Private Constructor
• When a constructor is created with a private specifier, it is not possible
for other classes to derive from this class, neither is it possible to create
an instance of this class. They are usually used in classes that contain
static members only.
• Some key points of a private constructor are:
• One use of a private constructor is when we have only static members.
• It provides an implementation of a singleton class pattern
• Once we provide a constructor that is either private or public or any,
the compiler will not add the parameter-less public constructor to the
class.
Example:
using System;
namespace defaultConstructor{
public class Counter
{
private Counter() //private constructor declaration
{
}
public static int currentview;
public static int visitedCount()
{ Output:
return ++ currentview;
}
}
class viewCounterdetails
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Private constructor”);
Console.WriteLine();
Counter.currentview = 500;
Counter.visitedCount();
Console.WriteLine("Now the view count is: {0}", Counter.currentview);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
References:
• https://www.onlinegdb.com/online_csharp_compiler
• https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/0c1bb2/constructors-and-its-types-in-
C-Sharp/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c-sharp-copy-constructor/
• Youtube
• C-sharp Corner

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