20XW15 -Problem Solving and

C Programming
 Outline
 Course Introduction
 Text and Reference Books
 What is a Computer?
 Advantages of using computers
 Hardware & Software
 Types of Softwares
 Computer Architecture
 Computer Organization
 Programming

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Tell me and I forget
Show me and I remember
Let me do and I understand
— Chinese Proverb

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 Course Introduction
 Introduces novices to programming – using the C
Programming Language

 Aims to teach how to solve problems using the computer

 Every discipline uses computing : All branches of
Engineering, Science, design and arts

 No prior exposure to programming is needed

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 Text and Reference Books
 TEXT BOOKS
 Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, “The C Programming
Language”, Pearson Education India, 2015
 R G Dromey, “How to solve it by computer”, Pearson 2008

 REFERENCES

 Herbert Schildt, “C The Complete Reference", McGraw Hill, 2017

 Gottfried B, “Programming With C”, McGraw Hill, 2011
 Peter Prinz and Tony Crawford, “C in a Nutshell”, O′Reilly, 2016

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 What is a Computer?
 A computer is a device that can perform computations
and make logical decisions billions of times faster than
human beings can
 Input : User gives a set of Input
 Processing : Input data is processed by a well defined and finite
sequence of steps
 Output : Some data available from processing step and output to
the user

 Device capable of performing computations and making

logical decisions
 Computers process data under the control of sets of
instructions called computer programs
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 Advantages of using Computers
 Speed
 Many computers process billions or trillions of operations in a single second
 Accuracy
 If input data and procedures are correct, the output will be consistently accurate
 Reliability
 The electronic components in modern computers are dependable and reliable
because they rarely break or fail
 Consistency
 Given the same input and processes, a computer will produce the same results -
consistently
 Storage
 Computers store enormous amounts of data and make this data available for
processing anytime it is needed
 Communications
 Computers allow users to communicate with one another

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 Hardware & Software
 Hardware
 Various devices comprising a computer
 Keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, CD-ROM, and processing
units
 Software
 Programs that run on a computer
 Notepad, MS Word, etc.

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 Types of Software
 Application Software
 Programs that perform specific tasks for users
 Examples
 Word Processors
 Databases
 Spread Sheets
 Internet Browsers
 System Software
 Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
 Provides a platform to install, develop and run application softwares
 Examples
 Operating Systems
 Compilers
 Loader and Linkers
 Device Drivers
 Utility Programs

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Computer Architecture

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 Computer Organization
 Six Logical units in every computer
 Input unit
 Hardware used to enter
data and instructions

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 Computer Organization
 Output unit
 Hardware that conveys information
to one or more people

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 Computer Organization
 Central processing unit (CPU)
 Also called Processor - Heart of the computer
 CPU consists of
 Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
 Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions
 Control unit
 Directs most operations by providing timing and control
signals
 Memory unit
 Rapid access, low capacity, stores input information,
making it immediately available for processing when
needed - Information in the memory unit is volatile

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 Computer Organization
 1 Bit = Binary Digit
 4 bits = 1 Nibble
 8 Bits = 1 Byte
 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte Byte - a unit of storage
 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte measurement in computers,
 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte regardless of the type of data
being stored
 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
 1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
 1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
 1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte

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 Computer Organization
 Memory is divided into an array of "boxes" each containing a byte of
information.
 A byte consists of 8 bits
 A bit (binary digit) is either 0 (OFF) or 1 (ON).
 The memory unit also serves as a storage for intermediate and final
results of arithmetic operations

 Secondary storage unit

 Cheap, long-term, high-capacity storage
 Stores inactive programs
 Information on secondary storage

devices - persistent
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Components of a Computer

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Types of Memory

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 Programming and Software
 Computer needs to be programmed to do any task

 Programming
 Process of writing instructions in a language that can be
understood by the computer so that a desired task can be
performed by it
 Program
 Sequence of instructions to do a task, computer processes the
instructions sequentially one after the other
 Software
 programs for doing tasks on computers

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 Retention Questions
 What is a computer?
 Hardware Vs Software
 Types of softwares
 Six Logical units of a computer
 Primary Vs Secondary memory
 What is Programming?

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